. 2016 May 25;7:727. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00727

Table 7.

Distribution (%) of mediators and measures of health and well-being by exposure to childhood traumatic experiences.

		Ps₀Ph₀D₀n = 10, 907	Ps₁Ph₀D₀n = 525	Ps₀Ph₁D₀n = 230	Ps₀Ph₀D₁n = 643	Ps₁Ph₁D₀n = 393	Ps₁Ph₀D₁n = 106	Ps₀Ph₁D₁n = 44	Ps₁Ph₁D₁n = 133	Test statistic	p
MEDIATORS
Instrumental support^a	Yes	90.1	82.4	85.8	86.5	76.8	79.8	88.4	84.1	$χ_{(7)}^{2} =$ 110.02	p < 0.001
	No	9.9	17.6	14.2	13.5	23.2	20.2	11.6	15.9
Emotional support^a	Yes	88.4	81.0	81.9	84.7	74.7	81.7	88.6	80.2	$χ_{(7)}^{2} =$ 100.88	p < 0.001
	No	11.6	19.0	18.1	15.3	25.3	18.3	11.4	19.8
Daily smoking^b	Never	37.7	39.3	31.1	36.1	34.2	35.6	27.9	25.8	$χ_{(14)}^{2} =$ 27.38	p < 0.05
	Previously	42.1	42.6	45.8	43.4	43.4	33.7	41.9	47.7
	Yes	20.2	18.1	23.1	20.5	22.4	30.8	30.2	26.5
Alcohol units^b, ^c	1–4	91.1	90.1	84.5	87.3	83.3	81.5	78.0	83.1	$χ_{(21)}^{2} =$ 80.40	p < 0.001
	5–6	6.7	6.7	11.1	9.2	11.1	14.1	12.2	14.5
	7–9	1.8	2.3	3.9	2.6	3.6	2.2	7.3	1.6
	10 or more	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.9	1.9	2.2	2.4	0.8
	mean	1.12	1.14	1.20	1.17	1.24	1.25	1.34	1.20	F*_{(7, 506.89)} = 5.38 W_{(7, 382.76)} = 5.26	p < 0.001
MENTAL HEALTH, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING
Mental health (SCL-10)	Healthy	93.1	84.1	92.3	90.4	82.2	77.4	86.8	73.5	$χ_{(7)}^{2} =$ 179.49	p < 0.001
	Unhealthy	6.9	15.9	7.7	9.6	17.8	22.6	13.2	26
	mean	0.08	0.15	0.11	0.11	0.16	0.21	0.12	0.20	F*_{(7, 775.81)} = 36.62 W_{(7, 363.64)} = 33.45	p < 0.001
Health (EQ-5D)	Healthy	75.5	63.9	67.7	72.7	61.3	55.3	67.4	54.6	$χ_{(7)}^{2} =$ 118.48	p < 0.001
	Unhealthy	24.6	36.0	32.3	27.3	38.7	44.7	32.6	45.4
	mean	0.09	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.15	0.15	0.13	0.15	F*_{(7, 989.10)} = 17.73 W_{(7, 411.83)} = 16.42	p < 0.001
Well-being (SWLS)	High	64.9	53.2	56.4	55.0	45.0	37.3	67.4	43.9	$χ_{(7)}^{2} =$ 155.76	p < 0.001
	Low	35.1	46.8	43.6	45.1	55.0	62.8	32.6	56.2
	mean	0.26	0.33	0.32	0.30	0.36	0.40	0.28	0.34	F*_{(7, 949)} = 30.84 W_{(7, 409.26)} = 29.72	p < 0.001

Ps₀Ph₀D₀: Not exposed to psychological abuse, physical abuse and substance abuse distress in childhood. Ps₁Ph₀D₀: Exposed to psychological abuse but not physical abuse and substance abuse distress. Ps₀Ph₁D₀: Exposed to physical abuse but not psychological abuse and substance abuse distress. Ps₀Ph₀D₁: Exposed to substance abuse distress, but not psychological abuse and physical abuse. Ps₁Ph₁D₀: Exposed to both psychological and physical abuse but not substance abuse distress. Ps₁Ph₀D₁: Exposed to both psychological abuse and substance abuse distress but not physical abuse. Ps₀Ph₁D₁: Exposed to both physical abuse and substance abuse distress but not psychological abuse. Ps₁Ph₁D₁: Exposed to psychological abuse, physical abuse, and substance abuse distress.

Social support factors were measured by instrumental and emotional support. Instrumental support: Do you have enough friends who can give you help and support when you need it? (yes, no); Emotional support: Do you have enough friends you can talk confidentially with? (yes, no).

Behavioral factors were measured by two questions: Do you/did you smoke daily? (yes, now; yes, previously; never); How many units of alcohol (a beer, a glass of wine or a drink) do you usually drink when you drink alcohol? (1–4, 5–6, 7–9, 10 or more).

SCL-10: Mental health status was measured by the Hopkins Symptoms Check List-10 (SCL-10).

EQ-5D: Health was assessed by the EQ-5D generic measure of health-related quality of life.

SWLS: Well-being was measured by the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS).

Test for linear trend p < 0.01.