. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Behav. 2016 Mar;40(2):155–171. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.40.2.1

Table 2.

Random-Effects Medication Adherence Outcome Estimates and Tests (146 Possible Comparisons)

Comparison	K	Effect size	p (ES)	95% Confidence interval	Standard error	I²	Tau²	Q	p (Q)
Treatment vs. control all theory comparisons	109	0.294	<.001	0.227, 0.361	0.034	60.768	0.057	275.288	<.001
Treatment pre- vs. post-comparisons all theories	86	0.342	<.001	0.263, 0.421	0.040	77.697	0.089	381.113	<.001
Control pre- vs. post-comparisons all theories	47	0.049	.211	−0.028, 0.125	0.039	62.960	0.033	124.189	<.001
Treatment vs. control single-theory comparisons	86	0.323	<.001	0.246, 0.400	0.039	62.206	0.061	224.902	<.001
Treatment vs. control multiple-theory comparisons	24	0.214	.002	0.079, 0.348	0.069	56.544	0.051	52.927	<.001
Treatment vs. control MI plus TM^a	4	0.371	.381	−0.460, 1.202	0.424	76.552	0.526	12.794	.005

K denotes number of comparisons, ES is effect size, Q is a conventional homogeneity statistic, I² is the percentage of total variation among comparisons’ observed ES due to heterogeneity.

Comparisons that used both motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model.