Table 2. Presence of PMQR determinants, amino acid changes in QRDR, ESBLs and the macrolide resistance gene mph(A) in Shigella spp. isolated in Switzerland, 2004–2014, and MICs of azithromycin against isolates containing mph(A)*.
| Year of isolation, strain | Shigella species | PMQR | QRDR |
ESBL | mph(A) | MIC, μg/mL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GyrA |
ParC |
|||||||||
| Ser83 | Asp87 | Ser80 | Ala85 | |||||||
| 2004 | ||||||||||
| 412–04 | sonnei | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 1497–04 |
flexneri
|
– |
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
24 |
| 2005 | ||||||||||
| 1826–05 | sonnei | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 263–05 | flexneri | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 693–05 | flexneri | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | 32 | |
| 1319–05 | sonnei | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | 256 | |
| 1742–05 |
flexneri
|
– |
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
12 |
| 2006 | ||||||||||
| 1920–06 | flexneri | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 1549–06 |
sonnei
|
– |
Leu |
wt |
|
wt |
wt |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2007 | ||||||||||
| 2389–07 | sonnei | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 1374–07 |
flexneri
|
– |
Leu |
wt |
|
wt |
wt |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2008 | ||||||||||
| 2372–08 | boydii | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 2157–08 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 2134–08 | boydii | – | Leu | wt | wt | Ser | ND | – | ND | |
| 822–08 | flexneri | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 959–08 |
boydii
|
qnrS1
|
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2009 | ||||||||||
| 09–2751 | flexneri | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 09–2192 | sonnei | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | CTX-M-14 | – | ND | |
| 09–1001 | dysenteriae | – | wt | Asn | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 09–684 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 006–09 | flexneri | – | Leu | Asn | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 375–09 | flexneri | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 09–736 |
sonnei
|
– |
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
CTX-M-15 |
– |
ND |
| 2010 | ||||||||||
| 10–1982 | sonnei | – | wt | Tyr | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–1935 | boydii | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–1557 | dysenteriae | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–433 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–383 | flexneri | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–1166 | flexneri | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–929 | boydii | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 10–338 |
dysenteriae
|
qnrS1
|
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2011 | ||||||||||
| 11–0683 | sonnei | – | wt | Tyr | wt | wt | CTX-M-15 | – | ND | |
| 11–0616 | flexneri | – | wt | Tyr | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 11–0162 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 11–0029 | flexneri | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 11–1023 |
sonnei
|
– |
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
CTX-M-15 |
– |
ND |
| 2012 | ||||||||||
| 12–0580 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 12–0273 | flexneri | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 12–0094 | dysenteriae | – | Leu | wt | wt | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 12–0573 | dysenteriae | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 12–0087 |
flexneri
|
qnrS1
|
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2013 | ||||||||||
| 13–2304 | flexneri | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–1996 | boydii | – | Leu | wt | wt | Ser | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–1909 | sonnei | – | wt | Tyr | wt | wt | CTX-M-14 | – | ND | |
| 13–0136 | flexneri | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–1494 | dysenteriae | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–1295 | sonnei | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–1205 | boydii | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 13–2356 |
boydii
|
qnrS1
|
ND |
ND |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
– |
ND |
| 2014 | ||||||||||
| 14–2394 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 14–0754 | flexneri | – | Leu | Asn | Ile | wt | ND | + | 16 | |
| 14–0369 | sonnei | – | Leu | Gly | Ile | wt | ND | – | ND | |
| 14–1127 | sonnei | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | CTX-M-15 | – | ND | |
| 14–1843 | flexneri | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | 48 | |
| 14–1990 | sonnei | qnrB4, qepA | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | >256 | |
| 14–1929 | sonnei | qnrB19 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 14–1570 | dysenteriae | qnrS1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | |
| 14–1495 | sonnei | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | CTX-M-3 | – | ND | |
| 14–1820 | sonnei | – | ND | ND | ND | ND | CTX-M-15 | – | ND | |
*ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; ND, not determined; PMQR, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance; QRDR, quinolone resistance determining regions; wt, wild type; –, negative; +, positive.