Double-blind RCTs have shown that maternal serum 25OHD concentrations are increased with vitamin D supplementation (169, 171, 174, 182). Most trials began supplementation shortly after birth. Markers of similar color represent the same study, and the legend provides the vitamin D supplementation dose in IU/d unless otherwise stated. 1 ng/mL ≈ 2.5 nmol/L. Wtr, winter; Sum, summer.