Table 3.
Association of Sodium Intake with Changes in BMD by Recommended Sodium Intakes (n = 4426)
| By Intake > vs ≤ 2300 mg | Baseline to Year 3 |
Baseline to Year 6 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean1 | (95%CI) | P-Value | Mean2 | (95%CI) | P-Value | |
| Total hip | ||||||
| % change | .83 | .80 | ||||
| ≤ 2300 mg | 0.39 | (−0.89 to 1.66) | 0.00 | (−1.82 to 1.83) | ||
| > 2300 mg | 0.53 | (0.40 to 0.66) | −0.23 | ( − 0.43 to − 0.04) | ||
| Femoral neck | ||||||
| % change | .98 | .79 | ||||
| ≤ 2300 mg | −0.15 | (−1.62 to 1.33) | −0.05 | (−2.65 to 2.55) | ||
| > 2300 mg | −0.14 | (−0.30 to 0.03) | −0.41 | ( − 0.65 to − 0.18) | ||
| Total spine | ||||||
| % change | .78 | .88 | ||||
| ≤ 2300 mg | 1.51 | (−0.07 to 3.10) | 3.44 | (0.67 to 6.20) | ||
| > 2300 mg | 1.74 | (1.57 to 1.91) | 3.22 | (2.97 to 3.47) | ||
| Total body | ||||||
| % change | .49 | .74 | ||||
| ≤ 2300 mg | 0.52 | (−0.86 to 1.91) | 1.55 | (−0.57 to 3.67) | ||
| > 2300 mg | 1.01 | (0.89 to 1.14) | 1.91 | (1.71 to 2.11) | ||
Models adjusted for age, study component, HT and CaD trial randomization arms, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, alcohol intake, history of fracture, family history of hip fracture, physical functioning, self-reported health status, treated diabetes, HT use, medication use (bisphosphonate, oral corticosteroid, thiazide, anticonvulsant, protein pump inhibitor, thyroid), calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium intake from diet and supplements.
All BMD measures included in the models were log transformed, and back-transformed means and 95% CI are reported. Percent change was calculated as [exp(change in log BMD from baseline) − 1] × 100.