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. 2016 May 25;11(5):e0156171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156171

Fig 3. Possible sources of sTLR2 and 4 in CSF.

Fig 3

(A) Migration of activated BMCs across the BBB during SAH and active release of sTLRs into CSF. (B) BMCs trapped in subarachnoid clot actively release sTLRs into CSF. (C) DAMPs bind to TLRs on microglia surface and trigger TLR signalling followed by active release of sTLRs into CSF. (D) Membrane TLRs released incidentally into CSF as a result of necrosis and cell membrane fragmentation. (E) BMCs release sTLRs peripherally into the blood plasma. sTLRs leak through the disrupted by SAH BBB. Abbreviations: CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; sTLR = soluble Toll-like receptor; BMC = blood mononuclear cells; DAMP = danger-associated molecular patterns; BBB = blood-brain barrier.