Table 1. Weighted baseline characteristics of CKD risk factors and CKD markers in young adults ages 20–40 years by race¥.
| Non-Hispanic Whites (N = 3226) (37,606,080.5) | Non-Hispanic Blacks (N = 1440) (6,579,829.4) | Mexican-Americans (N = 2252) (10,111,528.9) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No abdominal obesity 1897(62.8%) | Abdominal Obesity 1329 (37.2%) | P | No abdominal obesity 781 (54.8%) | Abdominal Obesity 659 (45.2%) | p | No abdominal obesity 1244(59.6%) | Abdominal Obesity 1008 (40.4%) | P | |
| Age(yrs)[Mean(SD)] | 29.9 (0.2) | 31.7 (0.2) | <0.001 | 29.2 (0.3) | 30.4 (0.3) | 0.001 | 29.4 (0.3) | 30.8 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Gender [n (%)] | |||||||||
| Males | 1030 (55.3) | 459 (40.6) | <0.001 | 489 (60.9) | 182 (26.2) | <0.001 | 759 (64.6) | 281 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| Females | 867 (44.7) | 870 (59.4) | 292 (39.1) | 477 (73.8) | 485 (35.4) | 727 (65.2) | |||
| Per-capita Income Ratio (PIR) [n (%)] | |||||||||
| Below poverty | 259 (11.5) | 218 (12.6) | 0.37 | 205 (27.0) | 189 (28.3) | 0.39 | 377 (27.7) | 341 (32.2) | 0.25 |
| Above poverty | 367 (17.8) | 259 (19.4) | 195 (25.0) | 180 (27.7) | 442 (35.8) | 341 (33.2) | |||
| 200% above poverty | 1271 (70.7) | 852 (68.1) | 381 (48.0) | 290 (44.0) | 425 (36.5) | 326 (34.6) | |||
| Smoking Status [n (%)] | |||||||||
| Never | 939 (50.9) | 663 (49.9) | 0.03 | 519 (67.1) | 466 (71.7) | 0.003 | 780 (61.4) | 700 (65.5) | 0.04 |
| Former | 280 (14.8) | 264 (18.6) | 399 (4.8) | 55 (7.1) | 169 (13.7) | 149 (14.8) | |||
| Current | 678 (34.3) | 402 (31.5) | 223(28.2) | 138 (21.2) | 295 (24.9) | 159 (19.7) | |||
| BMI category (kg/m2) [n (%)] | |||||||||
| Normal (<25) | 1304 (67.3) | 79 (3.6) | <0.001 | 441 (56.8) | 18 (1.9) | <0.001 | 653 (50.5) | 32 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Overweight (25–29) | 563 (30.9) | 431 (30.2) | 285 (36.5) | 117 (17.6) | 532 (44.4) | 316 (28.7) | |||
| Obese (≥30) | 30 (1.7) | 819 (66.2) | 55 (6.8) | 524 (80.4) | 59(5.1) | 660 (69.2) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) [Mean(SD)] | 23. 7 (0.1) | 32.9 (0.2) | <0.001 | 24.4 (0.1) | 35.4 (0.3) | <0.001 | 24.8 (0.1) | 33.0 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)Mean(SD)] | 112.9 (0.3) | 116.7 (0.5) | <0.001 | 117.0 (0.5) | 119.0 (0.6) | 0.004 | 113.9 (0.4) | 115.3 (0.5) | 0.03 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)[Mean(SD)] | 68.6 (0.3) | 71.7 (0.5) | <0.001 | 69.8 (0.5) | 70.6 (0.5) | 0.22 | 66.8 (0.4) | 69.1 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 136 (7.1) | 231 (18.1) | <0.001 | 84 (10.7) | 156 (24.2) | <0.001 | 72 (6.6) | 120 (13.3) | 0.001 |
| HbA1C (%)[Mean(SD)] | 5.1 (0.01) | 5.3 (0.03) | <0.001 | 5.2 (0.02) | 5.5 (0.04) | <0.001 | 5.2 (0.02) | 5.4 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) [Mean(SD)] | 185.6 (0.9) | 200.5 (1.2) | <0.001 | 179.9 (1.4) | 191.5 (1.9) | <0.001 | 187.6 (1.2) | 193.9 (1.6) | 0.001 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl) [Mean(SD)] | 53.8 (0.4) | 46.7 (0.4) | <0.001 | 56.6 (0.6) | 52.3 (0.7) | <0.001 | 50.4 (0.4) | 47.2 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Elevated CRP (>21mg/dl) [n (%)] | 499 (24.2) | 879 (62.4) | <0.001 | 196 (24.3) | 472 (70.6) | <0.001 | 375 (29.4) | 731 (68.6) | <0.001 |
| Markers of kidney damage | |||||||||
| eGFR [Mean (SD)] (ml/min/1.73m2) | 104.8 (0.5) | 106.1 (0.5) | 0.09 | 114.7 (1.0) | 119.5 (0.8) | <0.001 | 113.5 (0.6) | 114.9 (0.6) | 0.04 |
| Albuminuria (mg/g) [n(%)] | 88 (4.5) | 77 (5.6) | 0.17 | 37 (4.7) | 46 (6.6) | 0.09 | 48 (3.6) | 101 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Sex-specific albuminuria (mg/g) [n (%)] | 144 (7.1) | 106 (7.9) | 0.43 | 62 (8.1) | 66 (9.5) | 0.26 | 84 (6.4) | 131 (14.4) | <0.001 |
¥ For categorical variables, % are calculated from column-wise proportions.