Table 2. Association between abdominal obesity and CKD risk Factors in White/Black and Mexican-American young adults 20–40 yrs£.
| Non-Hispanic Whites (N = 3226) (37,606,080.5) | Non-Hispanic Blacks (N = 1440) (6,579,829.4) | Mexican-Americans (N = 2252) (10,111,528.9) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Unadjusted | Adjusted¶ | Unadjusted | Adjusted¶ | Unadjusted | Adjusted¶ |
| Systolic BP | 3.8 (0.5)* | 4.7 (0.5)* | 2.0 (0.7)* | 3.1 (0.9)* | 1.4 (0.6)* | 3.5 (0.6)* |
| Diastolic BP | 3.1 (0.5)* | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.6) | -1.3 (0.6)* | 2.3 (0.5)* | 1.1 (0.7)* |
| Total Cholesterol | 14.8 (1.4)* | 12.2 (1.8)* | 11.7 (2.3)* | 14.5 (2.4)* | 6.4 (1.9)* | 6.5 (2.0)* |
| HDL | -7.2 (0.5)* | -8.7 (0.5)* | -4.3 (0.8)* | -6.9 (0.9)* | -3.2 (0.6)* | -5.7 (0.7)* |
| HbA1C | 0.2 (0.03)* | 0.1 (0.02)* | 0.3 (0.04)* | 0.2 (0.03)* | 0.2 (0.04)* | 0.1 (0.04)* |
| Elevated CRP | OR 5.2 (4.4–6.2)* | OR 3.7 (3.1–4.6)* | OR 7.5 (5.8–9.7)* | OR 5.4 (4.1–7.1)* | OR 5.2 (4.2–6.6)* | OR 3.8 (3.0–4.8)* |
| Markers of kidney disease | ||||||
| Albuminuria | OR 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | OR 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | OR 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | OR 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | OR 3.5 (2.2–5.5)* | OR 3.0 (1.7–5.4)* |
| Sex-specified Albuminuria | OR 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | OR 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | OR 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | OR 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | OR 2.4 (1.7–3.5)* | OR 2.1 (1.4–3.2)* |
| EGFR | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.6)* | 4.9 (1.2)* | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.7)* | -0.2 (0.7) |
£ For continuous variables: β (SE). For categorical variables: OR (95% C.I.)
* Statistically significant for pre-specified p<0.05
¶ Models adjusted for age, gender, income ratio, smoking status, survey year, and systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C, and C-reactive protein levels.