TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Men and Women in Contact With Posttrafficking Support Services: England, June 2013–December 2014
| Characteristic | Men (n = 52), Mean ±SD, No. (%), or Median (IQR) | Women (n = 98), Mean (SD), No. (%), Median (IQR) | P |
| Pretrafficking | |||
| Age left education, y | 18.1 ±3.4 | 16.2 ±6.2 | .02 |
| Violence experienced before trafficking | |||
| Physical violence | 15 (28.9) | 57 (58.2) | .002 |
| Sexual violence | 2 (3.9) | 30 (30.6) | .001 |
| Trafficking | |||
| Type of exploitation | < .001 | ||
| Domestic servitude | 5 (9.6) | 39 (39.8) | |
| Sexual exploitation | 1 (1.9) | 42 (42.9) | |
| Labor exploitation | 45 (86.5) | 14 (14.3) | |
| Months in trafficking situation | 3 (1–5) | 12 (5–60) | .01 |
| Hours worked per d | < .001 | ||
| ≤ 8 | 4 (7.7) | 9 (9.2) | |
| 9–12 | 26 (50.0) | 18 (18.4) | |
| ≥ 13 | 13 (25.0) | 24 (24.5) | |
| No fixed hours | 5 (9.6) | 30 (40.8) | |
| No weekly rest day | 24 (46.2) | 64 (65.3) | .06 |
| Threats to self during trafficking | 36 (69.2) | 82 (83.7) | < .001 |
| Threats to family during trafficking | 16 (30.8) | 47 (48.0) | < .001 |
| Violence experienced during trafficking | |||
| Physical violence | 22 (42.3) | 75 (76.5) | < .001 |
| Sexual violence | 2 (3.9) | 65 (66.3) | < .001 |
| Injury during trafficking | 17 (32.7) | 66 (67.4) | < .001 |
| Poor living conditions during trafficking | |||
| Locked in a room | 11 (21.2) | 47 (48.0) | .004 |
| Living/sleeping in overcrowded rooms | 30 (57.7) | 35 (35.7) | .04 |
| Sleeping in dangerous conditions | 5 (9.6) | 4 (4.1) | .37 |
| Nowhere to sleep/sleeping on the floor | 29 (55.8) | 32 (32.7) | .02 |
| Poor basic hygiene | 20 (38.5) | 14 (14.3) | .003 |
| Inadequate food | 35 (67.3) | 39 (39.8) | .006 |
| Inadequate drinking water | 13 (25.0) | 11 (11.2) | .09 |
| No clean clothing | 17 (32.7) | 31 (31.6) | .92 |
| Being made to drink alcohol | 7 (13.5) | 26 (26.5) | .16 |
| Being made to take illegal drugs | 5 (9.6) | 14 (14.3) | .64 |
| Being made to take medications | 5 (9.6) | 12 (12.4) | .81 |
| No access to passport/identity documents | 22 (42.3) | 68 (69.4) | .003 |
| Extreme restriction of movement | 30 (60.0) | 78 (81.3) | .005 |
| Posttrafficking | |||
| Age, y | 36.8 (11.9) | 30.0 (9.4) | .001 |
| Currently married/living with a partner | 13 (25.0) | 8 (8.3) | .006 |
| Has ≥ 1 children | 29 (55.8) | 52 (53.6) | .80 |
| Months since left trafficking situation | 3 (1–6) | 16 (3–38) | < .001 |
| Months of contact with support services | 1.6 (0.9–4.3) | 4.4 (1.4–12.5) | < .001 |
| Still afraid of traffickers | 29 (55.6) | 78 (78.6) | .002 |
| No. of unmet needs | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | .57 |
| Lacks a confidante | 18 (34.6) | 31 (31.6) | .11 |
Note. IQR = interquartile range. The sample size was n = 150.