. 2016 Jun;106(6):1101–1108. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303139

TABLE 2—

Compliance and Availability of Snack Foods and Beverages by Year and School Level Before and After Massachusetts Competitive Food Law: 2012–2014

	Middle Schools			High Schools
Variables	Baseline^a (2012)	1 Year After (2013)	2 Years After (2014)	Baseline^a (2012)	1 Year After (2013)	2 Years After (2014)
All foods^b
% Compliant	18.6	68.1^c	54.5^d^,^e	15.3	55.1^c	62.2^e^,^f
Availability, no.	20.0	12.9^g	18.1	51.9	42.8	39.0
Cereals, cereal or granola bars, breakfast Items
% Compliant	34.0	68.9^c	59.6^e	22.6	63.4^c	69.9^e
Availability, no.	2.8	2.6	2.5	10.9	10.3	8.2
Chips
% Compliant	30.8	82.2^c	67.1^d^,^e	25.9	62.3^c	67.5^e
Availability, no.	5.9	4.2	7.4^f	14.8	14.6	15.0
Other sweet snacks^h
% Compliant	28.3	55.6^c	80.0^e^,^f	8.8	48.0^c	64.3^e^,^f
Availability, no.	1.3	1.9	1.0	5.4	4.5	2.7
Nuts and other salty snacks^j
% Compliant	25.0	64.3	18.2^d	16.7	39.5^c	34.6
Availability, no.	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.8	1.5	1.2
Crackers, popcorn, pretzels, snack mix
% Compliant	10.6	52.9^c	45.5^e	7.8	39.3^c	55.6^e^,^f
Availability, no.	3.9	1.8^g	2.6	8.9	7.2	6.0
Ice cream, popsicles, and frozen treats
% Compliant	2.6	75.0^c	21.7^d^,^e	3.2	70.3^c	43.1^d^,^e
Availability, no.	4.2	0.7^g	2.9	6.0	1.3^g	2.4ⁱ
Cookies and brownies
% Compliant	0.0	78.9^c	75.0^e	3.5	59.4^c	79.2^e^,^f
Availability, no.	1.4	0.7	1.0	4.0	2.3^g	2.3ⁱ
Yogurt and cheese^k
% Compliant	0.0	18.2	14.3	0.0	9.7	4.2
Availability, no.	0.2	0.4	0.3	1.0	1.1	1.1
All beverages
% compliant	35.4	74.0^c	83.1^e^,^f	26.0	67.6^c	76.6^e^,^f
Availability, no.	14.9	9.5^g	11.3	47.5	22.4^g	23.4ⁱ
Bottled water (unflavored)
% Compliant	100	100	100	100	100	100
Availability, no.	2.0	2.1	1.9	4.7	4.5	4.6
Milk^l
% Compliant	58.2	100^c	100^e	65.6	96.2^c	96.1^e
Availability, no.	3.7	2.9	5.3^e^,^f	5.3	3.8	7.3^f
Flavored water^m
% Compliant	35.5	94.4^c	54.3^d	33.3	74.7^c	78.1^e
Availability, no.	1.7	1.3	1.7	10.3	7.8	6.1
100% juice
% Compliant	11.8	36.2^c	61.4^e^,^f	9.7	39.2^c	55.0^e
Availability, no.	4.0	2.1	2.1	7.8	2.8^g	2.9ⁱ
Otherⁿ
% Compliant	0	0	0	0	3.8	0
Availability, no.	2.2	0.8	0.2ⁱ	10.8	1.9^g	1.1ⁱ
Sports drinks
% Compliant	0	0	0	0	0	0
Availability, no.	1.3	0.3	0.1ⁱ	8.7	1.6^g	1.4ⁱ

Note. % Compliant = number of unique products available per location per school that meet the new nutrition standards/total number of unique products available per location per school. Compliance only calculated among schools that offered any packaged products in a given year. Availability = average number of items available per school, calculated as the sum of unique items available per location per school (e.g., if the same product is available in 4 vending machines, 4 à la carte lines, and a school store, count as available 9 times). Availability is averaged across all participating schools per year (even if schools offer 0 packaged products that year). Product categories are ranked in order by baseline percentage compliance. n = 36 school districts in 2012, 28 school districts in 2013, and 21 school districts in 2014.

^{^a}

The new Massachusetts policy was not in place at baseline, so compliance figures at baseline represent compliance if the new law had already been in place.

^{^b}

Nonpackaged foods were excluded from this analysis.

^{^c}

Higher in 2013 compared with 2012 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^d}

Lower in 2014 compared with 2013 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^e}

Higher in 2014 compared with 2012 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^f}

Higher in 2014 compared with 2013 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^g}

Lower in 2013 compared with 2012 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^h}

Other sweet snacks includes items such as animal and graham crackers, candy, and dried fruit.

^ⁱ

Lower in 2014 compared with 2012 (statistically significant at P < .05).

^{^j}

Other salty snacks includes items such trail mix, bagels, and beef jerky.

^{^k}

Yogurt and cheese includes yogurt, string cheese, and pudding products.

^{^l}

Includes milk and milk substitutes such as lactose-free milk and soy milk.

^{^m}

Flavored water is any flavored beverage containing “water” or “H₂O” in its title.

^ⁿ

Other includes fruit drinks, teas, diet sodas, other sugary drinks.