Figure 1. The strain-specific social avoidance behavioral response to daily gavage is affected by oral antibiotic treatment.
(A) Experimental timeline: vehicle or antibiotic mix were administered daily by gastric gavage (g.g.) for 14 days. Behavioral testing was performed before (baseline) and after treatment. (B–D) Results of the Social Interaction (SI) test for NOD (B) and C57BL/6 (D) mice. Oral antibiotic treatment did not affect locomotor activity measured during the social interaction test (C,E) (3 independent experiments with 8 mice per group/experiment for a total of n=23–24 mice per condition). Data are mean ± S.E.M; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 based on one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test; n.s. indicates not significant.
Figure 1—figure supplement 1. The subcutaneous delivery of vehicle or antibiotic did not induce social avoidance behavior.
(A) Experimental timeline: vehicle or antibiotic mix were administered daily (s.c.) for 14 days. Behavioral testing was performed before (baseline) and after treatment. (B–C). Results of the Social Interaction (SI) test for NOD (B) and C57BL/6 (C) mice. (D–E) Locomotor activity measured during the Social interaction test (2 independent experiments with 10 mice per group/experiment for a total of n=20 mice per condition). Data are mean ± S.E.M; *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 based on one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test; n.s. indicates not significant.
Figure 1—figure supplement 2. Effect of subcutaneous or oral antibiotic treatment on body weight and macroscopic appearance of large intestine.
(A) Experimental timeline. (B,E) Representative pictures of the intestine from NOD and C57BL/6 mice treated with vehicle or antibiotic (subcutaneous [s.c.] or oral administration [g.g.]); scale bar: 1 cm. Graphs represent the gut weight relative to the mouse total body weight. (C,D,F,G) Body weight monitoring in NOD (C,D) and C57BL/6 (F,G) mice (n=10 per group). Data are mean ± S.E.M; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 based on one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. n.s. indicates not significant.
Figure 1—figure supplement 3. Oral antibiotic treatment is well tolerated by recipients.
(A) Representative pictures of stomachs from C57BL/6 mice treated with vehicle or antibiotic. (B) Blood glucose levels were measured after 14 days of oral treatment (antibiotic or vehicle) (n=6 per group). Normoglycemic levels were considered below 220 mg/dL.