Fig. 3.

Summary of the effects induced by interfering with KCC2 and/or NKCC1 activities on the two types of interictal discharge induced by 4AP in the CA3 subfield. Bar graphs showing the means (±SEM) of the interval of occurrence, duration, and amplitude of short-lasting (a) and long-lasting (b) events recorded from CA3 under control conditions (i.e., 4AP) and during application of 10 μM VU0240551, 10 μM bumetanide, 50 μM bumetanide, and 10 μM CLP275. Note in a that blocking KCC2 with VU0240551 decreases the interval of occurrence, the duration, and the amplitude of the short-lasting events while a similar, significant effect is induced by 50 μM bumetanide only on the amplitude. Note also in b that blocking KCC2 with VU0240551 increases the interval of occurrence of the long-lasting events while it decreases their duration and amplitude significantly; moreover, similar changes can be induced by high doses of bumetanide but not on the duration. Note in both a and b that blocking NKCC1 with bumetanide (10 μM) does not have a significant effect on the characteristics of the short- and long-lasting interictal events. Finally, note that CLP275 only increases the duration of long-lasting events. *p<0.001, **p<0.0001, and ***p<0.00001