Table 2.

Metabolites associated with rapid CKD progression in CRIC at p < 0.05 and their baseline association with eGFR

	CKD Progression (longitudinal)		Association with baseline eGFR (cross-sectional)
Metabolite	OR per SD (95% CI)*	p-value†	β (95% CI)**	p-value
Lower in cases than controls
threonine	0.35 (0.16, 0.78)	0.01	0.35 (−0.93, 1.62)	0.59
methionine	0.35 (0.13, 0.93)	0.04	0.52 (−0.73, 1.78)	0.41
phenylalanine	0.23 (0.05, 0.95)	0.04	−2.06 (−3.34, −0.77)	0.002
arginine	0.46 (0.21, 0.98)	0.05	0.49 (−0.79, 1.78)	0.45
Higher in cases than controls
uric acid	9.72 (2.17, 43.45)	0.003	−4.17 (−5.41, −2.93)	<0.0001
glucuronate	1.84 (1.19, 2.87)	0.007	−3.00 (−4.29, −1.70)	<0.0001
4-hydroxymandelate	5.00 (1.45, 17.29)	0.01	−4.21 (−5.46, −2.97)	<0.0001
3-methyladipate/pimelate	1.95 (1.15, 3.3)	0.01	−4.06 (−5.27, −2.86)	<0.0001
cytosine	1.61 (1.03, 2.53)	0.04	−4.47 (−5.70, −3.24)	<0.0001
homogentisate	3.32 (1.03, 10.72)	0.05	−4.31 (−5.56, −3.07)	<0.0001

Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; β = beta coefficient in linear regression model

^*Model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, SBP, DBP, diabetes, eGFR, and proteinuria

^**Model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, SBP, DBP, diabetes, and proteinuria

^†No metabolite reached Bonferroni adjusted significance threshold of 0.0003