. 2016 May 9;6(5):34. doi: 10.3390/ani6050034

Table 3.

Comparison of average number of leash pulls for dogs receiving no correction (NOT1) vs. no correction (NOT2), no correction (NOTH) vs. water only spray (H₂O), no correction (NOTA) vs. androstenone + water spray (ANH), no correction (NOTS) vs. androstenone 0.1 µg/mL (AND1), or no correction (NOTI) vs. androstenone 1.0 µg/mL (AND2) in response to each pull. n = 10 dogs/treatment.

Treatment	Leash Pulls (#)	SEp of Leash Pulls	p-Value	Percent Reduction (%)
NOT1	8.7	0.72	0.57	12.6
NOT2	7.6 ^a	0.72	0.57	12.6
NOTH	6.4	0.57	0.11	32.8
H₂O	4.3 ^b	0.57	0.11	32.8
NOTA	7.4	0.40	<0.01	81.1
ANH	1.4 ^c	0.40	<0.01	81.1
NOTS	6.4	0.73	<0.01	71.9
AND1	1.8 ^b,c	0.73	<0.01	71.9
NOTI	8.4	0.37	<0.01	85.7
AND2	1.2 ^c	0.37	<0.01	85.7

^a,b,c Least Squares means of treatments with differing superscripts are different, p < 0.05. # = average number of leash pulls per walk.