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Effect size (ES) for SPADI from baseline to 8 weeks and 12 months follow-up for the three groups
| SPADI | IS | ISD | TAU | IS & ISD | IS & TAU | ISD & TAU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 weeks | ||||||
| Mean change | −40.3 | −40.4 | −17.4 | 0.2 | 22.8 | 23.0 |
| SD | 19.0 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 19.4 |
| ES | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |||
| 12 months | ||||||
| Mean change | −43.0 | −39.8 | −48.1 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 8.2 |
| SD | 19.6 | 24.7 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 20.0 | 21.4 |
| ES | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |||
SPADI shoulder pain and disability index
IS injection steroid alone, ISD injection steroid plus saline, TAU treatment-as-usual
