Table 4.
SPADI, NPRS and PROM: Differences in change scores between the two injection groups (Intervention steroid alone (IS); Intervention steroid plus saline (ISD)) and the treatment-as-usual group (TAU)
| Between groups differences in change, mean (95 % CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IS vs ISD | IS vs TAU | ISD vs TAU | |
| Primary outcome variable | |||
| SPADI | |||
| Short-term (4 and 8 weeks)a | 1.2 (−7.1 to 9.6) | −20.8 (−28.9 to −12.7)*** | −21.7 (−29.4 to −14.0)*** |
| Long-term (12 months)b | 0.1 (−10.4 to 10.7) | −7.0 (−16.4 to 2.5) | −7.0 (−16.8 to 2.8) |
| Secondary outcome variable | |||
| NPRS | |||
| Short-term (4 and 8 weeks)a | 0.3 (0.6 to 1.2) | −2.0 (−2.8 to −1.1)*** | −2.2 (−3.0 to −1.4)*** |
| Tertiary outcome variables | |||
| Abduction | |||
| Short term (4 and 8 weeks)a | −4.5 (−9.7 to 0.8) | 8.3 (2.3 to 14.3)** | 12.7 (6.6 to 18.9)*** |
| External rotation | |||
| Short term (4 and 8 weeks)a | −0.9 (−5.8 to 4.1) | 10.8 (5.8 to 15.9)*** | 11.9 (6.8 to 17)*** |
| Internal rotation | |||
| Short term (4 and 8 weeks)a | −1.1 (−6.6 to 4.5) | 8.8 (3.1 to 14.6)** | 9.9 (4.7 to 15.1)*** |
| Hand behind back | |||
| Short term (4 and 8 weeks)a | −0.7 (−2.4 to 2.2) | 5.0 (2.8 to 7.2)*** | 5.1 (2.9 to 7.2)*** |
SPADI shoulder pain and disability index, NPRS numeric pain rating scale, PROM passive range of motion
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05
aRepeated measures ANCOVA with baseline value as covariate. Differences and CIs from estimated marginal means
bRegression based ANCOVA with baseline value as covariate