Table 1. Characteristics of subjects according to NAFLD.
| Without fatty liver | With NAFLD | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 599 | 123 | |
| Age (years) | 46.0 ± 13.1 | 47.4 ± 13.2 | 0.437 |
| Gender (%, male) | 51.1 | 52.8 | 0.722 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 7.71 ± 4.75 | 7.08 ± 3.41 | 0.450 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.9 ± 9.5 | 85.0 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.1 ± 15.8 | 125.5 ± 13.9 | 0.009 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.9 ± 8.8 | 78.1 ± 8.7 | 0.002 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.16 ± 2.57 | 9.48 ± 2.57 | 0.158 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 8.48 ± 4.00 | 8.57 ± 3.85 | 0.814 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.59 ± 1.03 | 4.86 ± 1.32 | 0.014 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.93 ± 0.59 | 1.71 ± 1.80 | <0.001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.67 ± 0.92 | 3.06 ± 1.13 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.44 ± 0.40 | 1.24 ± 0.39 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19.82 ± 16.89 | 29.09 ± 20.46 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.78 ± 13.34 | 25.83 ± 16.34 | <0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 22.93 ± 42.94 | 29.85 ± 34.63 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.34 ± 1.27 | 2.48 ± 1.62 | <0.001 |
| Elevated ALTa (%) | 5.7 | 15.4 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 34.4 | 55.3 | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drug users | 5.5 | 25.1 | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug users (%) | 6.3 | 17.5 | 0.009 |
| Active smoker (%) | 14.5 | 15.1 | 0.723 |
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.69 ± 0.18 | 0.81 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Carotid plaque, % | 16.9 | 28.9 | 0.005 |
Data are means ± SD or frequencies.
Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein.
aMen > 50 U/L; women > 35 U/L.