Table 4.
Effects of Brazilian green propolis on antioxidant function and cytokines in T2DM patients.
| Parameter | Control | Brazilian Green Propolis |
|---|---|---|
| FRAP (mmol/L) | 0.71 ± 0.14 | 0.73 ± 0.08 |
| SOD (U/mL) | 102.8 ± 3.1 | 105.4 ± 2.9 |
| GSH-Px (U/L) | 259.9 ± 68.3 | 289.7 ± 87.7 |
| GSH (g/L) | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 2.2 * |
| Total polyphenols (mmol/L) | 199.9 ± 12.6 | 209.9 ± 16.9 * |
| MDA (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 |
| Ox-LDL (nmol/L) | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.8 |
| Carbonyls (nmol/mg·prot) | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.13 * |
| LDH (U/L) | 1446.7 ± 202.1 | 1329.1 ± 175.8 * |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 18.7 ± 3.5 | 22.0 ± 4.5 * |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 10.0 ± 5.0 | 18.1 ± 5.0 * |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 20.7 ± 3.7 | 16.4 ± 9.1 * |
Data are mean ± standard deviation; * p < 0.05, compared with the control group. FRAP, ferric-reducing antioxidant power; GSH, glutathione; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MDA, malondialdehyde; Ox-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.