Table 2.

Mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each Zernicke and root mean square values of total−, third−, fourth−, and fifth-order, Higher Order Aberrations, Total Coma (Z₃¹, Z₃⁻¹, Z₅¹, Z₅⁻¹), and total Trefoil (Z₃³, Z₃⁻³, Z₅³, Z₅⁻³) by age.

	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)
40 to 44	45 to 49	50 to 54	55 to 59	>=60
Z3−1	−0.0055(−0.0492 to 0.0381)	0.0017 (−0.0343 to 0.0376)	0.0288 (−0.0082 to 0.0657)	−0.0415 (−0.1042 to 0.0213)	−0.0536 (−0.2456 to 0.1385)
Z31	0.02(0.0046 to 0.0353)	0.0203(0.0021 to 0.0384)	0.038(0.0198 to 0.0563)	0.0108(−0.0183 to 0.0398)	0.0436(−0.0116 to 0.0989)
Z3−3	0.1075(0.076 to 0.139)	0.1322(0.0999 to 0.1645)	0.1094(0.0777 to 0.141)	0.1445(0.0987 to 0.1902)	0.2661(0.1081 to 0.4242)
Z33	0.0111(−0.0059 to 0.028)	0.0168(−0.0032 to 0.0368)	0.0161(−0.0053 to 0.0374)	0.0157(−0.019 to 0.0504)	0.0302(−0.0077 to 0.0682)
Z40	−0.1235(−0.1484 to −.0986)	−0.1491(−0.174 to −0.1243)	−0.1791(−0.2031 to −0.1551)	−0.1871(−0.2312 to −0.1429)	−0.214(−0.2988 to −0.1291)
Z4−2	−0.0018(−0.0077 to 0.0041)	−0.0032(−0.0093 to 0.0029)	0.0069(0.0007 to 0.0131)	0.0042(−0.0063 to 0.0147)	0.0062(−0.0145 to 0.0269)
Z42	0.0029(−0.0125 to 0.0183)	0.0061(−0.0087 to 0.0209)	0.0024(−0.0136 to 0.0185)	0.022(−0.0061 to 0.05)	0.0581(−0.0186 to 0.1348)
Z4−4	0.0006(−0.009 to 0.0102)	0.0025(−0.0081 to 0.0131)	−0.0064(−0.0177 to 0.0048)	−0.0106(−0.0266 to 0.0053)	−0.0183(−0.0491 to 0.0125)
Z44	−0.0039(−0.0171 to 0.0093)	0.0042(−0.0094 to 0.0178)	−0.0077(−0.0216 to 0.0062)	0.0079(−0.022 to 0.0379)	−0.0441(−0.1205 to 0.0323)
Z5−1	0.0052(−0.0032 to 0.0137)	0.0032(−0.0036 to 0.01)	0.0087(0.0005 to 0.017)	0.0005(−0.0106 to 0.0117)	−0.0213(−0.0468 to 0.0043)
Z51	0.0076(0.0037 to 0.0114)	0.0087(0.0038 to 0.0135)	0.0076(0.0037 to 0.0115)	0.0035(−0.0024 to 0.0095)	0.0137(0.0014 to 0.026)
Z5−3	−0.0024(−0.0088 to 0.004)	−0.0056(−0.0112 to 0.0001)	−0.0087(−0.0147 to −0.0027)	−0.0064(−0.0162 to 0.0034)	0.0057(−0.0181 to 0.0295)
Z53	0.001(−0.004 to 0.006)	0.0039(−0.0006 to 0.0083)	0.0048(0.0008 to 0.0088)	−0.0047(−0.0106 to 0.0013)	0.003(−0.0076 to 0.0136)
Z5−5	0.0026(−0.0035 to 0.0086)	0.0054(−0.0022 to 0.0129)	0.0107(0.0041 to 0.0173)	0.0068(−0.0053 to 0.0188)	−0.0024(−0.0226 to 0.0177)
Z55	−0.0022(−0.009 to 0.0046)	−0.0013(−0.007 to 0.0045)	0.0022(−0.0046 to 0.0091)	0.0129(0.0002 to 0.0256)	−0.0102(−0.0317 to 0.0113)
Tcoma	0.119(0.104 to 0.133)	0.134(0.121 to 0.146)	0.131(0.117 to 0.144)	0.164(0.14 to 0.189)	0.192(0.118 to 0.266)
Ttrefoil	0.113(0.101 to 0.125)	0.13(0.114 to 0.145)	0.128(0.116 to 0.14)	0.151(0.128 to 0.173)	0.189(0.12 to 0.258)
order3	0.167(0.15 to 0.184)	0.191(0.173 to 0.209)	0.185(0.169 to 0.201)	0.229(0.198 to 0.259)	0.276(0.179 to 0.372)
order4	0.094(0.085 to 0.104)	0.11(0.1 to 0.12)	0.119(0.109 to 0.129)	0.135(0.114 to 0.157)	0.153(0.104 to 0.202)
order5	0.036(0.032 to 0.04)	0.039(0.035 to 0.043)	0.041(0.038 to 0.045)	0.048(0.042 to 0.055)	0.05(0.038 to 0.062)
RMS HOA	0.2641(0.2465 to 0.2817)	0.2872(0.2683 to 0.3061)	0.3071(0.2869 to 0.3273)	0.3753(0.3344 to 0.4162)	0.3949(0.3246 to 0.4651)
RMS HOA without Z40	0.2436(0.2258 to 0.2614)	0.265(0.2465 to 0.2835)	0.2815(0.2624 to 0.3005)	0.3475(0.3079 to 0.3872)	0.3658(0.2989 to 0.4327)

Tcoma: Total Coma (Z₃¹, Z₃⁻¹, Z₅¹, Z₅⁻¹).

Ttrefoil: Total Trefoil (Z₃³, Z₃⁻³, Z₅³, Z₅⁻³).

RMS HOA: Root mean square Higher Order Aberration.