Table 4.

Mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) for Each Zernicke and Root Mean Square Values of Total−, third−, fourth−, and fifth-order, Higher Order Aberrations, Total Coma (Z₃¹, Z₃⁻¹, Z₅¹, Z₅⁻¹), and Total Trefoil (Z₃³, Z₃⁻³, Z₅³, Z₅⁻³) by refractive errors.

	Emmetropia	Myopia	Hyperopia	p-Value
Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)
Z3−1	0.005 (−0.02 to 0.031)	0.003 (−0.043 to 0.048)	−0.034 (−0.102 to 0.035)	0.567
Z31	0.027 (0.016 to 0.038)	0.01 (−0.011 to 0.031)	0.044 (0.015 to 0.073)	0.153
Z3−3	0.124 (0.101 to 0.147)	0.114 (0.087 to 0.142)	0.169 (0.113 to 0.225)	0.214
Z33	0.014 (0.002 to 0.026)	0.023 (0.003 to 0.044)	0.021 (−0.011 to 0.053)	0.725
Z40	−0.158 (−0.174 to −0.142)	−0.104 (−0.133 to −0.074)	−0.242 (−0.277 to −0.208)	0.000
Z4−2	−0.001 (−0.005 to 0.003)	0.005 (−0.003 to 0.013)	0.003 (−0.007 to 0.013)	0.405
Z42	0.01 (−0.001 to 0.021)	−0.011 (−0.029 to 0.006)	0.032 (0.007 to 0.057)	0.014
Z4−4	−0.003 (−0.01 to 0.003)	−0.006 (−0.02 to 0.009)	−0.001 (−0.016 to 0.015)	0.901
Z44	−0.005 (−0.016 to 0.005)	0.008 (−0.005 to 0.022)	−0.007 (−0.036 to 0.021)	0.241
Z5−1	0.002 (−0.003 to 0.006)	0.01 (0 to 0.019)	0 (−0.01 to 0.011)	0.289
Z51	0.007 (0.004 to 0.01)	0.013 (0.008 to 0.017)	0 (−0.005 to 0.005)	0.001
Z5−3	−0.005 (−0.009 to 0)	−0.006 (−0.012 to 0.001)	−0.007 (−0.017 to 0.002)	0.851
Z53	0.001 (−0.001 to 0.004)	0.003 (−0.002 to 0.008)	0.001 (−0.004 to 0.006)	0.787
Z5−5	0.006 (0.001 to 0.011)	0.003 (−0.005 to 0.01)	0.01 (0.002 to 0.018)	0.409
Z55	−0.001 (−0.005 to 0.003)	0.002 (−0.007 to 0.01)	0.007 (−0.003 to 0.018)	0.337
Tcoma	0.128(0.118 to 0.137)	0.139(0.123 to 0.155)	0.164(0.137 to 0.191)	0.031
Ttrefoil	0.127(0.117 to 0.136)	0.125(0.11 to 0.14)	0.154(0.128 to 0.179)	0.140
3rd Order	0.183(0.171 to 0.196)	0.19(0.17 to 0.21)	0.231(0.197 to 0.266)	0.038
4rd Order	0.108(0.101 to 0.115)	0.108(0.096 to 0.119)	0.147(0.129 to 0.166)	0.000
5rd Order	0.039(0.036 to 0.042)	0.042(0.038 to 0.046)	0.045(0.04 to 0.05)	0.102
RMS HOA	0.286 (0.272 to 0.299)	0.31 (0.287 to 0.333)	0.364 (0.331 to 0.398)	0.000
RMS HOA W/O Z40	0.263 (0.25 to 0.276)	0.289 (0.267 to 0.312)	0.332 (0.298 to 0.365)	0.000

Tcoma: Total Coma (Z₃¹, Z₃⁻¹, Z₅¹, Z₅⁻¹).

Ttrefoil: Total Trefoil (Z₃³, Z₃⁻³, Z₅³, Z₅⁻³).

RMS HOA: Root mean square Higher Order Aberration.

W/O Z₄⁰: Without Z₄⁰.