Table 3.
Factors associated with the seven attitudes towards suicide assessed by the subscales of the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide (SPAS) among 983 residents in Shenyanga
| SPAS subscales | β | Standard error | 95 % CI of β | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscale 1: Respondent believes suicide can be prevented | ||||
| Constant | 41.845 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.143 | 0.072 | (-0.284,-0.002) | 0.047 |
| Years of education | 0.611 | 0.205 | (0.208,1.014) | 0.003 |
| Insurance (Reference: no) | 5.284 | 1.484 | (2.371,8.196) | <0.001 |
| Relatives’ suicidal behavior (Reference: no) | 6.734 | 2.954 | (0.936,12.532) | 0.023 |
| Marital status (Reference: unmarried) | ||||
| Married | −5.105 | 2.531 | (-10.073,-0.138) | 0.044 |
| Divorced | −6.834 | 4.662 | (-15.982,2.314) | 0.143 |
| Widowed | −1.981 | 3.751 | (-9.342,5.380) | 0.598 |
| Job (Reference: no) | ||||
| Yes | 6.383 | 1.958 | (2.541,10.225) | 0.001 |
| Retired | 4.101 | 2.551 | (-0.904,9.107) | 0.108 |
| R 2 | 0.076 | |||
| Subscale 2: Respondent believes individuals are able to control their own suicidal tendencies | ||||
| Constant | 48.764 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.190 | 0.065 | (-0.318,-0.062) | 0.004 |
| Years of education | 0.569 | 0.229 | (0.119,1.019) | 0.013 |
| Job (Reference: no) | ||||
| Yes | 5.812 | 2.190 | (1.515,10.109) | 0.008 |
| Retired | 6.789 | 2.756 | (1.381,12.197) | 0.014 |
| R 2 | 0.036 | |||
| Subscale 3: Respondent holds stigmatizing attitudes about suicide | ||||
| Constant | 55.946 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.269 | 0.053 | (-0.373,-0.165) | <0.001 |
| Years of education | 0.634 | 0.191 | (0.259,1.008) | 0.024 |
| Suicidal ideation (Reference: yes) | −8.717 | 2.739 | (-14.092,-3.342) | 0.549 |
| Marital status (Reference: unmarried) | ||||
| Married | −5.374 | 2.372 | (-10.082,-0.719) | 0.221 |
| Divorced | −2.604 | 4.341 | (-11.123,5.915) | 0.001 |
| Widowed | −4.386 | 3.581 | (-11.414,2.642) | 0.002 |
| R 2 | 0.121 | |||
| Subscale 4: Respondent is understanding of and feels empathy for persons with suicidal behavior | ||||
| Constant | 43.016 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.028 | 0.052 | (-0.130,0.075) | 0.595 |
| Insurance (Reference: no) | 3.574 | 1.440 | (0.747,6.401) | 0.013 |
| Suicidal ideation (Reference: yes) | 7.438 | 2.803 | (1.936,12.940) | 0.008 |
| Job (Reference: no) | ||||
| Yes | 2.817 | 1.897 | (-0.907,6.540) | 0.138 |
| Retired | 5.860 | 2.384 | (1.181,10.538) | 0.014 |
| R 2 | 0.029 | |||
| Subscale 5: Respondent believes suicidal behavior is an effective method of controlling others | ||||
| Constant | 61.229 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.239 | 0.068 | (-0.372,-0.106) | <0.001 |
| Marital status (Reference: unmarried) | ||||
| Married | −1.527 | 2.532 | (-6.496,3.442) | 0.547 |
| Divorced | −9.662 | 4.667 | (-18.821,-0.503) | 0.039 |
| Widowed | −0.983 | 3.736 | (-8.314,6.348) | 0.793 |
| Job (Reference: no) | ||||
| Yes | 4.060 | 1.946 | (0.241,7.880) | 0.037 |
| Retired | 5.380 | 2.459 | (0.556,10.205) | 0.029 |
| R 2 | 0.043 | |||
| Subscale 6: Respondent believes that suicide is an important social problem | ||||
| Constant | 30.147 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.209 | 0.038 | (-0.283,-0.134) | <0.001 |
| Suicidal ideation (Reference: yes) | 3.039 | 1.340 | (0.409,5.669) | 0.024 |
| R 2 | 0.038 | |||
| Subscale 7: Respondent believes that suicides and suicide attempts are essentially different | ||||
| Constant | 55.256 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.298 | 0.070 | (-0.436,-0.160) | <0.001 |
| Rural (Reference: urban) | 5.378 | 1.853 | (1.742,9.015) | 0.004 |
| Marital status (Reference: unmarried) | ||||
| Married | −6.326 | 3.242 | (-12.688,0.036) | 0.051 |
| Divorced | −13.864 | 5.848 | (-25.339,-2.388) | 0.018 |
| Widowed | −8.433 | 4.800 | (-17.852,0.986) | 0.079 |
| R 2 | 0.073 | |||
aThe seven attitudes are assessed on continuous scales with a range of 0 to 100. In all seven analyses, the age was initially forced into the model and then all other variables were entered by a stepwise method if significant at the p < 0.05 level