Figure 3.

Schematic diagram of four archetypes of lncRNA mechanisms. lncRNA can exert their function through complementary binding to RNA, DNA, and protein molecules. Adapted from Ref. 26. (a) lncRNA may act as signals of transcriptional activity and may indicate gene regulation. (b) lncRNA may act as endogenous sponges for molecules such as miRNA, thus reducing the bioavailability of the molecule, altering cellular function. (c) lncRNAs can act as guides and tethers for chromatin‐modifying complexes, thus aiding in the recruitment to DNA and contributing to tissue‐specific gene expression. (d) lncRNA may act as scaffolds bridging essential proteins required for gene or cellular regulation.