| GSH | Reduced glutathione |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| l-DOPA | l-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
| GSSG | Oxidized glutathione |
| GSH-MEE | GSH monoethyl ester |
| GSH-DEE | GSH diethyl ester |
| GSH-MIPE | GSH monoisopropyl ester |
| MITF | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| TRP-1 | Tyrosinase-related protein-1 |
| TRP-2 | Tyrosinase-related protein-2 |
| PMA | Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate |
| CT | Cholera toxin |
| ELISA | Enzyme immunosorbent assay |
| α-MSH | α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| OD | Optical densities |
| A350 | Absorbance at 350 nm |
| A400 | Absorbance at 400 nm |
| TBS-T | Tris buffered saline with Tween 20 |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
| GGT | γ-glutamyltranspeptidase |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| EPR | Electron paramagnetic resonance |