| EPO | Erythropoietin |
| EPOR | Erythropoietin receptor |
| βcR/CD131 | β-common receptor |
| 5-HT | 5-hydroxytryptamine |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neutrophic factor |
| ECs | Endothelial cells |
| BBB | Blood brain barrier |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| IL-3 | Interleukin 3 |
| IL-5 | Interleukin 5 |
| EphB4 | Ephrin-type B receptor 4 |
| RhEPO | Recombinant human EPO |
| CEPO | Carbamylated erythropoietin |
| HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2 |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| STAT5 | Transducer and activator of transcription 5 |
| Akt | Protein Ser/Thr kinase |
| MAPK | P42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| SSRI | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
| NSAIDs | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| iNOS | Inducible NO synthase |