| 12-LO | 12-lipoxygenase |
| DN | Diabetic nephropathy |
| T2DN | Type-2 diabetic nephropathy |
| Ang II | Angiotensin II |
| AT1R | Angiotensin II type 1 receptor |
| MAU | Microalbuminuria |
| ATRAP | Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| IR | Insulin resistance |
| RAS | Renin-angiotensin system |
| ACEI | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ARB | Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker |
| 12(S)-HETE | 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid |
| CDC | Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cynanocinnamate |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| IRS | Insulin receptor substrate |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| RIA | Insulin radioimmunoassay |
| MCs | Mesangial cells |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| RT-PCR | Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction |
| ISI | Insulin sensitivity index |
| PAS | Periodic acid-Schiff |
| BHPP | N-benzyl-N-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanamide |