Table 2.

Guava leaves’ bioactive compounds related with anti-diabetic properties.

Compound	Assay	Activity	Ref.
Myrciaphenone B	in vivo	Inhibition of aldose reductase α-glucosidase	[39]
Casuarictin, tellimagrandin I	in vitro	Inhibition of α-glucosidase	[40]
Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside	in vitro/in silico	Inhibition of α-amylase	[43]
Flavonol glycosides	in vitro	Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase	[30,41]
Geraniin	in vitro	Hypoglycemic activity; inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase); effective in preventing advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation	[42]
Vescalagin	in vivo	Retard AGEs formation	[42]
Gallic acid	in vitro	Inhibitory effect on the formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds and protein glycation: inhibitory effects on the production of Amadori products and AGEs	[3,42]
Naringenin	in vitro	Anti-glycation activity	[42]
Morin	in vitro	Protective activity against glycation	[42]
Quercetin	in vitro	Inhibitory effect on protein glycation, on the formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds, and on the production of Amadori products and AGEs	[3,30,42]
Catechin	in vitro/in vivo/clinical trial	Inhibitory effect on the formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds and protein glycation: inhibitory effects on the production of Amadori products and AGEs; improvement of postprandial hyperglycaemia	[42,46]
Procyanidin B2	in vitro/in vivo	Inhibitory effects on the formation of AGEs	[42]
Casuarinin, casuariin	in vitro	Inhibition of insulin-like glucose uptake	[40]
Procyanidin oligomers	in vitro/in vivo	Insulinomimetic properties	[44]
Pedunculagin	in vivo	Improvement sensitivity of insulin	[45]
Gallocatechin	clinical trial	Improvement of postprandial hyperglycaemia	[46]