Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients with WD and Acute Liver Failure.
| Case | Age | Sex | Cp by Oxidase |
Cp by Neph |
Serum Cu | Hepatic Cu (dry weight) |
Hepatic Cu (stain) |
Urine Cu | K-F Rings | Hgb | ALT | AST | AP:TB Ratio |
OLT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53 | F | 48.4 | 35.8 | 428 | 1,328 | ND | ND | ND | 9.1 | 23 | 146 | 0.32 | No |
| 2 | 26 | F | 7.7 | 8.4 | 222 | 520 | Neg | 19,543 | Neg | 5.4 | 11 | 163 | 1.18 | No |
| 3 | 17 | F | 28.8 | 18.5 | 350 | 359 | ND | ND | ND | 7.6 | 23 | 251 | 0.64 | Yes |
| 4 | 14 | M | 17.1 | 11.1 | 105 | 228 | ND | 592 | ND | 9.6 | 64 | 142 | 3.72 | Yes |
| 5 | 14 | F | 21.5 | 13.4 | 200 | 712 | ND | 154 | ND | 6.6 | 10 | 124 | 0.32 | Yes |
| 6 | 52 | M | 21.6 | 21.3 | 1063 | 584 | ND | 630,672 | ND | 6 | 1463 | 4481 | 3.71 | No |
| 7 | 19 | F | 23.6 | 78.7 | 379 | 1,583 | Pos | 18,459 | Neg | 7 | 22 | 181 | 0.17 | Yes |
| 8 | 26 | F | 20.3 | 12.8 | 230 | 1,290 | Pos | 7,843 | Pos | 10.8 | 28 | 189 | 0.19 | Yes |
| 9 | 26 | M | 21.8 | 31.4 | 306 | 2,189 | Pos | 23,451 | ND | 6.8 | 26 | 234 | 0.84 | Yes |
| 10 | 15 | F | 17.7 | 11.7 | 312 | 1,815 | ND | ND | ND | 4.7 | 18 | 194 | 0.37 | Yes |
| 11 | 30 | F | 39.1 | 32.9 | 285 | 867 | Pos | 3,644 | ND | 8.5 | 13 | 236 | 0.49 | Yes |
| 12 | 27 | F | 23.6 | 25.9 | 397 | 472 | ND | ND | ND | 9.5 | 64 | 290 | 0.93 | Yes |
| 13 | 24 | F | 28.8 | 18.9 | 222 | 1,241 | Pos | 2,547 | ND | 7.9 | 7 | 128 | 0.31 | Yes |
| 14 | 26 | F | 27.3 | 17 | 133 | 508 | Pos | 564 | ND | 7 | 32 | 69 | 7.76 | Yes |
| 15 | 19 | F | ND | 13 | 259 | 690 | ND | 16,654 | Pos | 7.1 | 26 | 177 | 0.06 | Yes |
| 16 | 21 | F | ND | 20 | 126 | 833 | ND | 11,825 | Pos | 6.3 | 230 | 670 | 0.51 | Yes |
Abbreviations: Cp= ceruloplasmin (mg/dL); Neph= nephelometry; Cu= copper; K-F = Kayser-Fleischer rings; Hgb= hemoglobin (g/dL); AP:TB= alkaline phosphatase to total bilirubin ratio; OLT= orthotopic liver transplant; ND= not done; NA= not applicable; Neg= negative; Pos= positive. Hepatic copper was measured as stainable copper with rhodanine or by dry weight in μg/g, serum copper was measured in μg/dL, and urine copper was measured over 24 hours in mg.