Table 2.
Genes (n=84) selected for single-cell microfluidics-based RT-PCR analysis.
| Gene names | Biological functions |
|---|---|
| Stem cell marker | |
| PTPRN2 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N polypeptide 2 |
| ALDH1(A1) | Aldehyde dehyfrogenase 1 family, member A1; involved in metabolism |
| CD44 | CD44 antigen; involved in cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion and migration |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase. |
| CD133 (PROM1) | Prominin 1; binds cholesterol in cholesterol-containing plasma membrane microdomains |
| NKX3-1 | NK3 homeobox 1; transcription factor, acts as tumor suppressor controlling prostate carcinogenesis |
| MYC | V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog; activate the transcription of growth-related genes |
| ATXN1 (SCA-1) | Ataxin 1; chromatin-binding factor that repress Notch signaling |
| GATA3 | GATA binding protein 3; transcription factor contains two GATA-type zinc fingers |
| TNFSF11 (RANKL) | Tumor necrosis receptor (ligand) superfamily, member 11; ligand of cytokine |
| TNFRSF11B | Tumor necrosis receptor superfamily, member 11b; acts as decoy receptor in osteroclastogenesis. |
| TACSTD2 | Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2; A cell surface receptor that transduces calcium signals. |
| Other EMT-related genes | |
| CXCL13 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13; chemotactic for B-lymphocytes |
| ESR2 (ESRb) | Estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta); nuclear receptor transcription factors |
| ASPA | Aspartoacylase; catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl_L-aspartic acid to aspartate and acetate |
| CDH2 | Cadherin 2; cadherin, neuronal (N-cadherin); a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein; contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types |
| CDH1 | Cadherin 1; E-cadherin (epithelial); a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein; loss of funtion contribute to progression of several cancers. |
| COL1A2 | Collagen, type 1, alpha 2; a type-I fibril-forming collagen |
| DAB2IP | DAB2 interacting protein; functions as a Ras GTPase-activating protein. |
| FN1 | Fibronectin 1; involved in cell adhsion and migration processes |
| VIM | Vimentin; Class-III intermediate filaments found in non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal |
| ITGB1 (CD29) | Integrin, beta 1; membrane receptors involved in cell adhesion and recognition |
| Wnt signaling | |
| IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin C); growth promoting by enhancing glucose uptake |
| IGF2 | Insulin-like growth facotr 2 (somatomedin A); growth-promoting activity |
| WNT5A | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A |
| IGF1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| FZD4 | Frizzled family receptor 4 |
| WNT11 | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 11 |
| MMP14 | Matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted) |
| MMP9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92kDa gelatinase, 92kDa type IV collagenase) |
| WNT5B | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B |
| SNAI2 | Slug; Snail, drosophila, homolog of, 2 |
| GSK3B | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
| MMP2 | Matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase) |
| MMP7 | Matrix metallopeptidase 7 (matrilysin, uterine) |
| NOTCH1 | Notch, drosophila, homolog of, 1; translocation-associated notch homolog (TAN1) |
| SOX9 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 |
| TCF3 | Transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer binding factors E12/E47) |
| CTNNB1 | Catenin, beta-1; cadherin-associated protein, beta; beta-catenin |
| FZD7 | Frizzled family receptor 7 |
| ITGA6 | Integrin, alpha 6 |
| SHH signaling | |
| PTCH1 | Patched 1 |
| GLI-3 | GLI family zinc finger 3 |
| PTCH2 | Patched 2 |
| SHH | Sonic hedgehog |
| TGFβ signaling | |
| FOXP3 | Forkhead box P3 |
| TGFB3 | Transforming growth factor, beta 3 |
| SMAD2 | SMAD family member 2 |
| TWIST1 | Twist, drosophila, homolog of 1 |
| ZEB1 | Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 |
| BMP7 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7 |
| TGFB2 | Transforming growth factor, beta 2 |
| ZEB2 | Zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 2; SMAD-interacting protein 1 (SMADIP1) |
| FOXC2 | Forkhead box C2 (MFH-1, mesenchyme forkhead 1) |
| FOXA2 | Forkhead box A2 |
| TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor, beta 1 |
| EGFR signaling | |
| EGFR (Her/ERBB1) | Epidermal growth factor receptor; HER1; ERBB1 |
| ERBB2 | V-ERB-B2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2; NEU; HER2 |
| SRC | proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC |
| Clinical drug targets | |
| PIM3 | Pim-3 oncogene |
| MTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) |
| ACP5 | Acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant |
| PIM1 | Pim-1 oncogene |
| PIM2 | Pim-2 oncogene |
| AXL | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase |
| ALPL (BAP) | Alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney |
| SPP1 | Secreted phosphoprotein 1 |
| ADRA2A | Adrenergic, alpha-2A-, receptor |
| HERPUD1 (MIF1) | Homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1 |
| AURKA | Aurora kinase A |
| MUC1 | Mucin 1, transmembrane |
| Prostate markers | |
| EpCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
| ACPP (PSAP) | Acid phosphatase, prostate |
| MKI67 (Ki-67) | Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 |
| KLK4 | Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 |
| PCA-3 | Prostate cancer antigen 3 (non-protein coding) |
| FOLH1 (PSMA) | Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 |
| KLK2 | Kallikrein-related peptidase 2 |
| KRT5(CK5) | Keratin 5 |
| KRT7(CK7) | Keratin 7 |
| KRT8(CK8) | Keratin 8; cytokeratin 8 |
| PSA (KLK3) | Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 |
| Controls | |
| PTPRC (CD45) | Leukocyte-common antigen; protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, c |
| UBB | Ubiquitin B; polyubiquitin B |