Figure 3. LPC induces mitochondrial Ca²⁺ entry in HAECs.

A. LPC induced both cytosolic Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ in HAEC. HAECs loaded with cytosolic Ca²⁺ (cytoCa²⁺) indicator Fluo-4/AM (green) and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ (mitoCa²⁺) indicator Rhod-2 (red) were stimulated by 10 μM LPC and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Images were taken before and after the stimulation of LPC. B. LPC-induced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ followed quickly after cytosolic Ca²⁺ increase. Real-time tracing of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ mobilization in response to LPC from the confocal microscopy analysis was shown. Each line represents the mean value from three cells. C. LPC induced similar levels of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and cytosolic Ca²⁺. Quantitation of peak response of cytosolic Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ from the confocal microscopy analysis was shown (n=9). For all panels, values represent mean ± SEM and data are representative of at least three independent experiments. ***, p<0.001. CytoCa²⁺, cytosolic Ca²⁺; mitoCa²⁺, mitochondrial Ca²⁺. F/F₀, fluorescence intensity ratios.