Table 4.

Multivariate Associations of Poor Asthma Control with ≥1 Limitations in Activities of Daily Living

	≥1 Limitations in Activities of Daily Living
	Model 1 Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Model 2 Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Model 3 Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Poor asthma control	2.61 (1.79–3.80)***	1.97 (1.28–3.03)**	1.56 (1.00–2.44)*
Age, years
60–64	-	Ref.	Ref.
65–74	-	1.17 (0.74–1.85)	0.99 (0.60–1.63)
≥75	-	0.87 (0.47–1.60)	0.72 (0.37–1.40)
Female	-	1.82 (0.94–3.53)	1.39 (0.65–2.96)
Race/Ethnicity
White non-Hispanic/other	-	Ref.	Ref.
Black, non-Hispanic	-	1.66 (0.87–3.25)	1.28 (0.65–2.50)
Hispanic	-	2.48 (1.27–4.84)**	1.81 (0.93–3.51)
Education
College graduate or higher	-	Ref.	Ref.
High school graduate or equivalent	-	1.72 (0.90–3.29)	2.27 (1.15–4.47)**
Some high school or less	-	1.70 (0.95–3.06)	1.59 (0.88–2.88)
Monthly income ≤ $750	-	2.28 (1.33–3.92)**	1.77 (0.99–3.15)
Married or living with partner	-	0.92 (0.54–1.56)	1.05 (0.61–1.81)
Social isolation
Low risk of isolation		Ref.	Ref.
Moderate to high risk	-	0.89 (0.54–1.47)	0.79 (0.47–1.34)
Socially isolated	-	1.06 (0.55–2.04)	0.86 (0.43–1.71)
General health, poor to good	-	-	4.06 (1.93–8.52)***
Chronic conditions	-	-
Congestive heart failure	-	-	1.36 (0.76–2.44)
Diabetes	-	-	1.16 (0.73–1.87)
Osteoarthritis	-	-	3.09 (1.71–5.60)***
Depression, moderate-severe	-	-	2.32 (1.40–3.85)**
Cognitive impairment	-	-	1.33 (0.83–2.12)

Ref. denotes reference value

^*P<.05,

^**P<.01,

^***P<.001

Model 1: Unadjusted model

Model 2: Adjusted for patient demographics and social support

Model 3: Adjusted for patient demographics, social support, and health status