Table 5.

Multivariate Associations of Airway Obstruction with ≥1 Limitations in Activities of Daily Living

	Model 1 Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Model 2 Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Model 3 Odds Ratio (95% CI)
FEV1, % predicted
≥ 81	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
71–80	1.12 (0.63–1.99)	1.13 (0.58–2.23)	0.87 (0.44–1.72)
61–70	1.08 (0.63–1.87)	0.84 (0.46–1.52)	0.83 (0.42–1.64)
≤ 60	1.85 (1.15–2.97)*	1.21 (0.72–2.03)	1.09 (0.63–1.87)
Age, years
60–64	-	Ref.	Ref.
65–74	-	1.09 (0.70–1.70)	0.93 (0.57–1.54)
≥75	-	0.74 (0.70–1.37)	0.66 (0.34–1.28)
Female	-	1.94 (0.99–3.79)	1.44 (0.67–3.09)
Race
White non-Hispanic/other	-	Ref.	Ref.
Black, non-Hispanic	-	1.67 (0.88–3.22)	1.30 (0.66–2.55)
Hispanic	-	2.46 (1.28–4.75)**	1.81 (0.93–3.51)
Education
College graduate or higher	-	Ref.	Ref.
High school graduate or equivalent	-	1.69 (0.90–3.15)	2.21 (1.13–4.32)*
Some high school or less	-	1.70 (0.94–3.06)	1.57 (0.87–2.84)
Monthly income ≤ $750	-	2.46 (1.44–4.20)**	1.81 (1.01–3.24)*
Married or living with partner	-	0.86 (0.51–1.45)	1.02 (0.56–1.77)
Social isolation
Low risk of isolation		Ref.	Ref.
Moderate to high risk	-	0.88 (0.54–1.45)	0.78 (0.46–1.32)
Socially isolated	-	1.09 (0.57–2.10)	0.88 (0.44–1.77)
General health, poor to good	-	-	4.53 (2.13–9.63)***
Chronic conditions	-	-
Congestive heart failure	-	-	1.37 (0.75–2.47)
Diabetes	-	-	1.10 (0.69–1.76)
Osteoarthritis	-	-	2.97 (1.64–5.36)***
Depression, moderate-severe	-	-	2.58 (1.56–4.26)***
Cognitive impairment	-	-	1.35 (0.84–2.15)

Ref. denotes reference value; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second

^*P<.05,

^**P<.01,

^***P<.001

Model 1: Unadjusted model

Model 2: Adjusted for patient demographics and social support

Model 3: Adjusted for patient demographics, social support, and health status