Table 1.

Some potential physical, biochemical, and mental-emotional signs and symptoms associated with the overtraining syndrome. Adapted from Meeusen et al. [3] and Kreher and Schwartz [4]

Category	Signs and symptoms
Physical	Maximal and submaximal performance decrements Muscle soreness/stiffness/fatigue General persistent fatigue Bradycardia and altered heart rate variability Autonomic imbalance (including cardiac) Disease conditions: asthma, thyroid disease, adrenal disease, diabetes mellitus or insipidus, iron deficiency with or without anemia, celiac sprue, hypertension
Biochemical	Excessive oxidative stress/damage Increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and other infections Inflammation Malnutrition Hormone imbalance Reduced muscle glycogen levels
Mental-emotional	Disordered eating Depression Insomnia Disrupted mood/behavior Loss of motivation Reduced mental concentration Anxiety