FIGURE 4.

Emodin inhibits the expression of M1 and M2 genes. A and B, qPCR was performed to verify the microarray results for select M1 and M2 genes. Error bars represent the mean ± S.E. For each treatment, n = 4. Con, control; Em, emodin. C, macrophages were stimulated with IL4 with or without emodin (0–50 μm) for 6 h. The cells were lysed, and IRF4 protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Results are shown as the mean ± S.E. for two independent experiments (n = 4). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.