TABLE 1.

RNA-seq analysis indicates multiple growth factor genes are up-regulated by poly(I:C) or LL-37

RNA-seq gene profiling was carried out for growth factors and select cytokines in NHEKs after a 24-h exposure to dsRNA mimic 0.1 μg/ml poly(I:C) or 1.75 μm LL-37. Represented genes were up-regulated a minimum of 2-fold or greater and had a significant p value (p < 0.05). Ligands along with their respective binding receptor(s) and calculated p values and -fold change when the treatment condition was compared with untreated control (Ctrl) NHEKs are listed.

Growth factor ligand	Growth factor ligand gene	Binding receptor	p value	-Fold change (Ctrl vs. poly(I:C))
Up-regulated by poly(I:C)
Colony-stimulating factor 2	CSF2	CSF2R	3.01E − 02	107.26
Interleukin 6	IL-6	IL-6R	2.75E − 02	27.51
Inhibin, βA	INHBA	ACVR2A	2.08E − 30	20.99
Colony-stimulating factor 3	CSF3	CSF3R	4.47E − 07	13.08
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)	FGF2	FGFR1–4	1.57E − 11	8.65
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	HBEGF	ERBB1, -4	4.90E − 18	7.63
Bone morphogenetic protein 2	BMP2	BMPR1, -2	8.74E − 06	6.82
Colony-stimulating factor 1	CSF1	CSF1R	2.51E − 02	3.95
Vascular endothelial growth factor C	VEGFC	VEGFR2, -R3	7.27E − 21	3.26
Vascular endothelial growth factor A	VEGFA	VEGFR1, -R2	2.79E − 19	2.53
Transforming growth factor α	TGFα	ERBB1	1.78E − 17	2.43
Up-regulated by LL-37
Interleukin 6	IL-6	IL-6R	8.56E − 03	50.49
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)	FGF2	FGFR1–4	9.20E − 30	32.66
Growth differentiation factor 15	GDF15	ERBB2	2.02E − 06	19.16
Inhibin, βA	INHBA	ACVR2A	5.37E − 18	10.46
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	HBEGF	ERBB1, -4	8.06E − 17	7.13
Bone morphogenetic protein 2	BMP2	BMPR1, -2	7.10E − 04	4.52
Vascular endothelial growth factor A	VEGFA	VEGFR1, -R2	5.87E − 32	3.25
Epiregulin	EREG	ERBB1, -4	1.47E − 21	3.02