| α-SMA | Alpha smooth muscle actin |
| ANOVA | One way Analysis of Variance |
| BrdU | Bromodeoxyuridine |
| CaCl2 | Calcium Chloride |
| CaN | Calcineurin Phosphatase |
| cDNA | Complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid |
| CNI(s) | Calcineurin inhibitor(s) |
| CKD | Chronic Kidney Disease |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
| CpN | Cyclophilin |
| CsA | Cyclosporine A |
| Ctrl | Control |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| DMEM/F-12 | DMEM/Nutrient mix F-12 |
| DMSO | Dimethylsulfoxide |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ELISA | Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay |
| EMT | Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition |
| ESRD | End Stage Renal Disease |
| FK506 | FK506, Tacrolimus |
| FKBP12 | FK506 Binding Protein 12 |
| HK-2 | Human Kidney-2 |
| kDA | Kilodaltons |
| LDH | Lactate Dehydrogenase |
| Mg | Milligrams |
| mM | Millimolar |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| NaCl | Sodium Chloride |
| NFAT | Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells |
| NFATC | Cytosolic Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells |
| NFATN | Nuclear Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells |
| Ng | Nanograms |
| nM | Nanomolar |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| Pg | Picograms |
| PTECs | Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| rRNA | Ribosomal ribonucleic acid |
| RT-PCR | Real Time-polymerase chain reaction |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SDS-PAGE | SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| S.E.M | Standard error of the mean |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 |
| TIF | Tubulointerstitial fibrosis |
| U | Units |
| µg | Micrograms |
| µL | Microlitres |
| μM | Micromolar |
| v/v | Volume per Volume |