Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
| Author (Year) | Country | Study design | Recruit setting | Reference test | Index test | Cutoff ng/ml | High quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akutsu11 | Japan | pCohort | s/o AAD, r/o AMI. CCU | e-CT | Roche, Cardiac d-dimer sysetem | 500 | No |
| Eggebrecht12 | Netherlands | Case-control | Control: PE, AMI, non-cardiac chest pain | TEE, Angio, CT, MRI | Dade Behring, D-Dimer Plus | 500 | No |
| Ersel13 | Turkey | rCohort | s/o AAD. ED | e-CT | Dade Behring, quantitative immunoturbidimetric assay | 246 | No |
| Fan14 | China | pCohort | s/o AAD. Admitted | TTE, TEE, CT, MRI | Tina-quant | 500 | No |
| Giachino15 | Italy | pCohort | s/o AAD. ED | e-CT | STA LIATEST D-DI | 500 | Yes |
| Gorla16 | Germany | rCohort | Chest pain. Admitted | TTE, TEE, e-CT, MRI, Angio | Innovance D-dimer | 500 | No |
| Hazui17 | Japan | Case-control | Control: AMI. Admitted to critical care center | e-CT | Roche, Latex agglutination | 900 | No |
| Levcik18 | Czech | rCohort | Acute chest pain. Admitted | CT, TEE, Angio, Autopsy | INNOVANCE D-Dimer assay, Liatest D-DI, Coamatic D-Dimer, D-Dimer plus | 500 | No |
| Li19 | China | rCohort, CA | Not specified | e-CT | Not specified | 500 | Yes |
| Nazerian20 | Italy | rCohort | s/o AAD. ED | CT-angio | Hemosil D-dimer HS, STA LIATEST D-DI | 500 | Yes |
| Ohlmann21 | France | Case-control | Control: s/o AAD but later r/o AAD, Admitted | TEE, CT, MRI | Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay | 400 | No |
| Okazaki22 | Japan | Case-control | Admitted for cardioembilic stroke | e-CT, plain-CT | LIAS AUTO d-dimer | 8700 | No |
| Peng23 | China | pCohort | Chest pain. ED | CT-Angio | ELISA | 2110 | No |
| Reeps24 | Germany | Case-control | Control: Chronic progressive type B dissection | CT-Angio, PET/CT | Not specified | 500 | No |
| Sakamoto25 | Japan | Case-control | Control: PE/AMI | e-CT | LIAS AUTO d-dimer neo | 5000 | No |
| Sbarouni26 | Greece | Case-control | Control: chronic aortic aneurysm, normal subject, Admitted | TTE, TEE, CT | Vidas, D-dimer ELISA | 700 | No |
| Shao27 | China | pCohort | Chest/back/abdominal pain. Admitted | TTE, TEE, CT, MRI | Tina-quant D-dimer | 500 | No |
| Spinner28 | Germany# | Cohort | Acute chest pain r/o STEMI. ICU | TEE, CT, Angio | Roche, Latex agglutination | 300 | No |
| Stanojlovic29 | Serbia | Cohort, CA | Not specified | TTE, TEE, CT | Automated chemical analysis | 500 | No |
| Weber30 | Austria | Case-control | Control: ICU case with chest pain r/o AAD | TTE, TEE, CT, MRI, Angio | Tina-quant assay | 500 | No |
| Xue31 | China | pCohort | Chest pain, s/o AAD. | TEE, CT, MRI | Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay | 400 | No |
| Yoshimuta32 | Japan | Cohort | TIA or ischemic stroke w/o chest symptom. ED | e-CT | Sekisui, Latex agglutination | 6900 | No |
<Country> #: written in German language.
<Design> pCohort: prospective cohort. rCohort: retrospective cohort. CC: case-control. CA conference abstract.
<Recruit setting> AAD: acute aortic dissection. AMI: acute myocardial infarction. PE: pulmonary embolism. AAS: Acute aortic syndrome. STEMI: ST elevated myocardial infarction. TIA: transient ischemic attack. ED: emergency department. ICU: intensive care unit. s/o: suspected of. r/o: ruled out. AAD subjects for cases of case-control studies were default and not described.
<Reference test> CT: computed tomography. e-CT: enhanced CT. TTE: trans-thoracic echocardiography. TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography. Angio: angiography. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging. PET: positron emission tomography.
<High quality> A study that had neither a high risk of bias nor a high concern regarding applicability and that used a cutoff value of 500 ng/ml was regarded as a high quality report.