Table 2. Comparison of strength and toughness reinforcement efficiencies for current and selected literature works.
| Specimen | Reinforcement type | CNT vol%a | Δσb, [%] | Reinforcement efficiency (ησ)c | ΔRd, [%] | Reinforcement efficiency (ηR)e | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al2O3-PVA (4L) | Interphase | 0.025% | 50% | 2000 | 70% | 2800 | This work |
| Glass-PVB | Interphase | 0.012% | 89% | 7415 | 90% | 7500 | This work |
| PC | Solvent dispersion | 5% | 32% | 6.4 | – | – | 42 |
| Epoxy | Solvent dispersion | 0.3% | – | – | 17% | 57 | 43 |
| Epoxy | Solvent dispersion | 0.5% | 25% | 50 | 46% | 92 | 44 |
| PMMA | Melt dispersion | 1% | – | – | 170% | 170 | 45 |
| Carbon fiber-Epoxy | Fiber grafting | 0.5% | – | – | 40% | 80 | 21 |
| Al2O3 | Ceramic | 10% | – | – | 194% | 19.4 | 20 |
| Al2O3 | Ceramic | 10% | – | – | 9% | 0.9 | 46 |
| Glass-PVB | Laminate | 1.5% | 30% | 20 | 341% | 227 | 40 |
| Preform-Epoxy | Laminate | 0.3% | – | – | 48% | 160 | 43 |
| SiC fabric-Epoxy | Laminate | 2% | 240% | 120 | 348% | 174 | 47 |
| PEI/PAA | Layer-by-layer | 50% | 2400% | 48 | – | – | 48 |
aWhenever applicable, calculated from weight fraction (wt%) using the CNT density of 1.8 g/cm3 27.
bCalculated by: Δσ = (σreinforced − σplain)/σplain * 100%, where σ is the reported composite yield strength.
cCalculated by: ησ = Δσ/CNT vol%.
dCalculated by: ΔR = (Rreinforced − Rplain)/Rplain * 100%, where R is the reported composite toughness, fracture toughness or work of fracture.
eCalculated by: ηR = ΔR/CNT vol%.