| LUTS | lower urinary tract symptoms |
| IPSS | International Prostate Symptoms Scale |
| VDR | vitamin D receptor |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| CV | coefficients of variation |
| DHEA | dehydroepiandrosterone |
| SHBG | sex hormone binding globulin |
| BMI | body mass index |
| PASE | Physical Activity Scale of the Elderly |
| FFQ | food frequency questionnaire |
| GLM | General Linear Model |