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. 2016 May 12;8(5):290. doi: 10.3390/nu8050290

Table 4.

Comparative relationships between vitamin D status, living area, and wealth grouping among children.

Total Vitamin D Concentration p-Value *
Less Than 25 nmol/L 25–49.9 nmol/L 50–74.9 nmol/L ≥75 nmol/L
Total 781 23 82 167 509 -
2.9% 10.5% 21.4% 65.2%
Living Area Urban 164 6 19 43 96 0.234
3.7% 11.6% 26.2% 58.5%
Rural 617 17 63 124 413
2.8% 10.2% 20.1% 66.9%
Wealth Group Poorest 188 4 16 46 122 0.332
2.1% 8.5% 24.5% 64.9%
Poorer 171 4 17 31 119
2.3% 9.9% 18.1% 69.6%
Middle 139 2 14 29 94
1.4% 10.1% 20.9% 67.6%
Richer 150 6 21 38 85
4.0% 14.0% 25.3% 56.7%
Richest 133 7 14 23 89
5.3% 10.5% 17.3% 66.9%
Region North East 109 2 17 28 62 0.001
1.8% 15.6% 25.7% 56.9%
South West 142 1 11 25 105
.7% 7.7% 17.6% 73.9%
South East 269 9 36 57 167
3.3% 13.4% 21.2% 62.1%
North 109 8 14 24 63
7.3% 12.8% 22.0% 57.8%
West 152 3 4 33 112
2.0% 2.6% 21.7% 73.7%
Age group ** 6–11 months 41 0 3 1 37 0.002
0.0% 7.3% 2.4% 90.2%
12–23 months 115 3 10 16 86
2.6% 8.7% 13.9% 74.8%
24–59 months 495 13 51 121 310
2.6% 10.3% 24.4% 62.6%
60+ months 128 7 18 29 74
5.5% 14.1% 22.7% 57.8%

(*) The Chi-Square test was used. (**) Only 779 had age category data.