Table 5. Associations between dietary patterns (quintile) and non-small cell lung cancer risk by smoking status.
| Dietary Patterns | Never smokers |
Former smokers |
Current smokers |
P for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/controls | ORa (95% CI) | Cases/controls | ORb (95% CI) | Cases/controls | ORb (95% CI) | ||
| Fruits and vegetables | |||||||
| Quintile 1 (low) | 73/67 | Reference | 205/130 | Reference | 300/237 | Reference | 0.03 |
| Quintile 2 | 65/86 | 0.87 (0.53–1.41) | 198/171 | 0.93 (0.68–1.28) | 195/174 | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | |
| Quintile 3 | 75/82 | 0.97 (0.60–1.57) | 208/198 | 0.85 (0.62–1.16) | 132/154 | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | |
| Quintile 4 | 80/89 | 1.06 (0.66–1.70) | 219/215 | 0.95 (0.69-1.29) | 82/128 | 0.60 (0.42–0.85) | |
| Quintile 5 (high) | 89/104 | 0.99 (0.62–1.58) | 179/251 | 0.66 (0.48–0.90) | 39/77 | 0.54 (0.34–0.84) | |
| P for trend | 0.73 | 0.02 | <0.001 | ||||
| American/Western | |||||||
| Quintile 1 (low) | 67/93 | Reference | 218/244 | Reference | 82/ 97 | Reference | 0.44 |
| Quintile 2 | 69/101 | 1.15 (0.72–1.82) | 171/196 | 1.04 (0.78–1.38) | 94/135 | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) | |
| Quintile 3 | 76/87 | 1.35 (0.84–2.15) | 192/197 | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 128/149 | 0.97 (0.65–1.46) | |
| Quintile 4 | 79/83 | 1.46 (0.91–2.32) | 214/171 | 1.31 (0.98–1.75) | 189/178 | 1.25 (0.85–1.83) | |
| Quintile 5 (high) | 91/64 | 2.01 (1.25–3.24) | 214/157 | 1.39 (1.03–1.87) | 255/211 | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | |
| P for trend | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||
| Tex-Mex | |||||||
| Quintile 1 (low) | 115/91 | Reference | 333/198 | Reference | 241/145 | Reference | 0.87 |
| Quintile 2 | 73/68 | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 232/216 | 0.61 (0.47–0.80) | 167/148 | 0.64 (0.47–0.89) | |
| Quintile 3 | 69/84 | 0.64 (0.42–1.00) | 182/182 | 0.59 (0.44–0.78) | 131/167 | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | |
| Quintile 4 | 64/89 | 0.59 (0.38–0.92) | 135/187 | 0.45 (0.33–0.60) | 109/156 | 0.48 (0.34–0.67) | |
| Quintile 5 (high) | 61/96 | 0.50 (0.32–0.78) | 127/182 | 0.44 (0.33–0.60) | 100/154 | 0.45 (0.32–0.63) | |
| P for trend | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
aAdjusted for age, sex, education, family history of lung cancer among 1° relatives, body mass index, physical activity, and total energy intake.
bAdjusted for age, sex, education, pack-years, family history of lung cancer among 1° relatives, body mass index, physical activity, and total energy intake.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.