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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 27.
Published in final edited form as: Appl Phys Rev. 2016 Mar 24;3(1):011302. doi: 10.1063/1.4944491

FIG. 12.

FIG. 12

Relative energy spread σU as a fraction of the beam energy U0 for 87Rb+ pulses extracted from a photoionized MOT. Energy spread is plotted vs duration of the voltage pulse used to extract the ions for two different voltages, showing that a spread significantly smaller than the DC level can be obtained by choosing an appropriate pulse duration. Particle tracking simulations with Coulombic interactions are depicted as solid curves; simulations without Coulombic interactions as dashed curves (from Ref. 153).