Observation of space-charge dynamics in a Rb+ MOTIS. (a) 780 nm laser light patterned by a spatial light modulator excites Rb atoms in a MOT, which are then ionized by a 480 nm pulsed laser via field ionization of a Rydberg state. (b) Images and simulations of an ion beam patterned in a circular array of nine dots as a function of ion bunch charge. From left to right, bunch charges are ≈0 fC, 2 fC, 8 fC, 10 fC, 13 fC and 19 fC. Scale bar is 5 mm. [Reprinted by permission from Ref. 99, Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nat. Commun. 5, 4489 (2014), copyright 2014].