Table 2.

Awareness of stakeholders about basic health economic principles; level of agreement with statements by country (scale responses: 1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)

	Netherlands		Hungary		Germany		Spain		United Kingdom		Total		Kruskal–Wallis test
Statements	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	P value
‘Incremental costs’ means by how much the studied intervention itself costs more or less than the comparator intervention	28	4.79 (1.93)	10	6.60 (0.52)	13	5.62 (1.12)	16	6.25 (0.78)	14	3.71 (1.86)	81	5.25 (1.76)	<10–3
When an intervention in itself is cheap, it is always cost-effective compared to another intervention	28	1.96 (1.40)	16	1.50 (1.42)	17	1.94 (1.75)	18	2.28 (2.02)	14	1.57 (0.76)	93	1.88 (1.53)	0.35
‘Willingness to pay’ means how much a society is willing to pay for a quality-adjusted life year	28	4.86 (1.88)	11	4.45 (2.07)	14	3.71 (1.82)	13	4.92 (1.89)	14	3.86 (1.46)	80	4.44 (1.86)	0.14
My intervention can be cost-effective compared to another intervention, even when its societal costs are higher than the regular care	28	5.82 (1.63)	15	4.93 (2.60)	17	5.18 (1.82)	17	5.76 (1.44)	14	4.86 (1.79)	91	5.40 (1.83)	0.23
From a healthcare payer perspective indirect costs in full (such as productivity losses) are included	28	3.36 (2.41)	15	2.40 (1.81)	16	2.63 (2.06)	14	2.86 (1.99)	12	3.75 (1.87)	85	3.02 (2.11)	0.28

SD, Standard deviation