Table 1.
Demographics, morbidity burden, and healthcare service use for nationals and immigrants in Spain
| Nationals | Immigrants | Latin America | Eastern Europe | Africa | Asia | Western Europe & North America | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,102,391 | 149,149 | 41,060 | 56,011 | 37,603 | 5,723 | 8,752 |
| Demographic information | |||||||
| 0-14 years, % | 11.6 | 14.2 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 11.1 |
| 15-44 years, % | 36.8 | 67.3 | 68.2 | 68.7 | 67.4 | 63.7 | 55.5 |
| 45-64 years, % | 27.7 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 17.0 | 12.9 | 15.9 | 27.5 |
| 65 years +, % | 23.9 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 5.9 |
| Women, % | 51.1 | 46.1 | 56.4 | 48.2 | 33.4 | 44.7 | 40.6 |
| Rural, % | 39.8 | 37.4 | 23.6 | 46.8 | 38.8 | 18.1 | 49.2 |
| Length of stay in Spain ≥5 years, % | --- | 59.0 | 60.0 | 58.4 | 59.8 | 49.2 | 61.0 |
| Morbidity burden | |||||||
| Healthy users/non-users, % | 22.1 | 43.0 | 37.5 | 46.7 | 40.5 | 52.9 | 50.7 |
| Low/moderate morbidity, % | 71.7 | 54.4 | 59.8 | 51.1 | 56.6 | 45.1 | 46.8 |
| High/very high morbidity, % | 6.2 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| Use of Primary Care | |||||||
| No visits to doctor, % | 22.2 | 37.8 | 34.9 | 41.1 | 31.5 | 46.5 | 52.1 |
| No visits to nurse, % | 48.7 | 73.0 | 72.0 | 75.4 | 69.0 | 79.5 | 75.8 |
| Mean (SD) No. of visits to doctor, normal care | 6.4 (8.1) | 3.3 (5.0) | 3.7 (5.1) | 3.0 (4.9) | 3.7 (5.1) | 2.5 (4.3) | 2.7 (5.1) |
| Mean (SD) No. of visits to doctor, urgent care | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.4) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.9) |
| Mean (SD) No. of visits to nurse | 3.3 (7.2) | 0.8 (2.9) | 0.8 (2.7) | 0.7 (2.8) | 0.9 (2.8) | 0.7 (3.7) | 1.0 (3.3) |
| Use of Specialised Care | |||||||
| No visits, % | 48.3 | 75.6 | 59.3 | 70.6 | 71.1 | 74.1 | 75.7 |
| Mean (SD) No. of visits | 2.7 (4.7) | 1.3 (3.2) | 1.7 (3.5) | 1.2 (3.0) | 1.2 (3.0) | 1.0 (2.8) | 1.1 (3.2) |
| Use of Hospital Care | |||||||
| Mean (SD) No. of planned admissions/100 ind. | 3.8 (25.1) | 1.6 (30.0) | 2.0 (20.7) | 1.5 (17.5) | 1.4 (50.8) | 0.8 (10.0) | 1.7 (14.6) |
| Mean (SD) No. of unplanned admissions/100 ind. | 4.7 (27.0) | 2.7 (17.7) | 2.8 (18.8) | 2.5 (17.9) | 3.2 (19.9) | 2.8 (18.7) | 2.2 (17.9) |
| Mean (SD) hospital stay, days | 6.5 (8.3) | 4.3 (9.3) | 4.3 (5.9) | 4.4 (13.3) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.5 (5.7) | 5.5 (9.2) |
| Use of Emergency Care | |||||||
| No visits, % | 82.2 | 85.2 | 82.5 | 85.7 | 85.9 | 85.8 | 90.6 |
| Mean (SD) No. of visits/10 ind. | 2.8 (7.8) | 2.3 (7.2) | 2.7 (7.4) | 2.3 (7.0) | 2.3 (7.4) | 2.3 (7.2) | 1.4 (5.5) |
| High priority visits, % | 48.9 | 37.2 | 40.9 | 36.5 | 33.6 | 31.3 | 42.2 |
| Pharmacy use | |||||||
| No use, % | 24.8 | 46.2 | 43.7 | 49.9 | 39.3 | 53.9 | 58.9 |
| Mean (SD) cost, € | 317.5 (716.2) | 47.0 (220.0) | 50.9 (201.7) | 42.3 (200.4) | 43.5 (230.3) | 33.4 (139.6) | 82.0 (367.0) |
SD Standard deviation, Ind. Individuals