Figure 5.

Effect of quercetin on the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in Caco-2 cells. (a) Western blot for the expressions of toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, mitochondrial membrane potential-2, mitochondrial membrane potential-9, and E-cadherin; (b) toll-like receptor 4 protein level; (c) nuclear factor-kappa B p65 protein level; (d) E-cadherin protein level; (e) mitochondrial membrane potential-2 protein level; (f) mitochondrial membrane potential-9 protein level. Data were expressed as the means ± standard deviation (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus blank control; #P < 0.05, quercetin (5 μM) + anti-toll-like receptor 4 versus anti-toll-like receptor 4 alone; ^&P < 0.05, ^&&P < 0.01, quercetin (5 μM) + pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate versus pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate alone