Table 2.
Effects of melatonin and serotonin on reproductive growth.
| Effect | Concentration range | Species reported | Mechanism of action/interaction with known pathways | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | ||||
| Protection of reproductive tissues during development | Datura metel, Malus domestica, edible seed plants, Prunus avium | Antioxidant activity | 36,91,92,130,131 | |
| Modification of flowering time | 100 - 500 uM | Chenopodium rubrum, Oryza sativa | Interaction with calcium/calmodulin signaling | 97,125,126 |
| Promotion post-harvest ripening | Solanum lycopersicum | Interaction with ethylene signaling pathways | 142 | |
| Promotion of seed growth and germination | 1 uM | Glycine max, Cucumbis sativus, Zea mays, Vigna radiata, Brassica oleracea rubrum, Phacellia tanacetifolia | Interaction with gibberellin and absicic acid systems, antioxidant, modification of calcium signaling pathways related genes | 53,55,62,63,105,127-129 |
| Decreased grain yield | Oryza sativa | 126 | ||
| Regulation reproductive development | Oryza sativa, Hypericum perforatum | Modification of related gene expression patterns including, modification of calcium distribution and signaling cascades | 67,127,139 | |
| Serotonin | ||||
| Protection of reproductive tissues during development | Datura metel, Hypericum perforatum | Antioxidant activity | 67,131 | |
| Stimulation pollen germination | Hippeastrum hybridum, Hypericum perforatum | Calcium distribution and signaling | 67,140 |