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. 2015 Sep 4;10(11):e1067742. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1067742

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© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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Figure 1. — Current linear model of ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Ethylene is sensed by 5 members of ethylene receptors family: ETR1 (ethylene receptor 1), ETR2, ERS1 (ethylene response sensor 1), ERS2, EIN4 (ethylene insensitive 4). When ethylene is absent, the receptors activate CTR1 (constitutive triple response 1), which directly phosphorylate the EIN2 and therefore suppresses the ethylene signal transduction.^2,3 In the presence of ethylene, CTR1 stays inactive and EIN2 activates the transcription factors EIN3, EIL1 (EIN3 like1) and EIL2 ^5,6 and therefore initiates transcriptional cascade in response to ethylene.