Intrarenal administration of ELP-VEGF reduced renal fibrogenic activity and attenuated podocyte damage and fibrosis in the stenotic kidney. (A) Representative renal protein expression (two bands per group) and quantification of TGF-β, smads 4–7, MMP-2 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in normal, RVD-, and RVD+ELP-VEGF–treated kidneys. (B) Representative pictures (from stenotic kidneys) of the glomeruli (original magnification, ×40), shown as examples to illustrate podocin immunoreactivity (black arrows). (C) Representative trichrome pictures (from stenotic kidneys) of the glomeruli and tubules, and tubule-interstitial regions (original magnification, ×20, shown as examples to illustrate renal damage). *P<0.05 versus Normal; †P<0.05 versus RVD.