. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Endod. 2016 Apr 23;42(6):935–942. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.016

Table 2.

Measures of validity for the two diagnostic tests and their combinations.

Point-estimate; % (95% CI)	SN	SP	TA	PPV	NPV
Single test
Non-response to cold test (n=380)	89 (85–92)	80 (75–84)	84	81 (76–85)	88 (84–92)
Pain on tooth percussion (n=460)	72 (67–76)	41 (36–47)	56	54 (50–59)	60 (54–61)

Combined tests
Non-response to cold test and pain on percussion (n=264)	61 (56–67)	85 (81–89)	74	80 (75–85)	70 (65–74)
Non-response to cold test and no pain on percussion (n=116)	28 (23–33)	94 (91–96)	61	82 (74–88)	57 (53–61)

Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), overall test accuracy (TA; compound measure), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for single tests and combination of tests, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the simple measures.

Disease was defined as a non-vital pulp, and the reference standard was absence of bleeding within the pulp chamber (prevalence 49%; total N=708)