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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Endod. 2016 Apr 23;42(6):935–942. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.016

Table 3.

Predictive values and likelihood/odds ratios for single and combined diagnostic tests

LR+ (95% CI) LR− (95% CI) dOR (95% CI)
Percussion pain 1.22 (1.09–1.36) 0.69 (0.56–0.84) 1.78 (1.30–2.43)
Non-response to cold 4.35 (3.53–5.36) 0.14 (0.11–0.19) 31.4 (20.6–48)
Percussion pain + non-response to cold 4.22 (3.24–5.50) 0.45 (0.39–0.52) 9.35 (6.49–13.50)

The positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios and the diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) for the single tests non-response to cold and pain on tooth percussion, and the two tests combined to detect non-vital pulp. Reference standard was absence of bleeding within the pulp chamber (prevalence 49%; total N= 702)